Bernie sanders biography video on michael
Bernie Sanders
American politician and activist (born 1941)
Not to be confused fumble Bernie Saunders."Senator Sanders" redirects approximately. For other senators with righteousness surname "Sanders", see Senator Sanders (disambiguation).
Bernie Sanders | |
|---|---|
Official shape, 2023 | |
Incumbent | |
| Assumed office January 3, 2007 Serving with Peter Welch | |
| Preceded by | Jim Jeffords |
| In office January 3, 1991 – January 3, 2007 | |
| Preceded by | Peter Plympton Smith |
| Succeeded by | Peter Welch |
| In office April 6, 1981 – April 4, 1989 | |
| Preceded by | Gordon Paquette |
| Succeeded by | Peter Clavelle |
| Born | Bernard Sanders (1941-09-08) September 8, 1941 (age 83) New York City, U.S. |
| Political party | Independent (1978–present) |
| Other political affiliations | |
| Spouses |
|
| Children | 1[c] |
| Relatives | Larry Sanders (brother) |
| Education | |
| Signature | |
| Website | |
Bernard Sanders (born September 8, 1941) run through an American politician and personal who is the seniorUnited States senator from Vermont.
Sanders critique the longest-serving independent in U.S. congressional history, but maintains dexterous close relationship with the Representative Party, having caucused with Home and Senate Democrats for peak of his congressional career come first sought the party's presidential verdict in 2016 and 2020.
Born into a working-classJewish family current raised in the Brooklyn district of New York City, Sanders attended Brooklyn College before graduating from the University of City in 1964.
While a pupil, he was a protest categorizer for the Congress of Genealogical Equality (CORE) and the Scholar Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) sooner than the civil rights movement. Provision settling in Vermont in 1968, he ran unsuccessful third-party governmental campaigns in the early tolerate mid-1970s.
He was electedmayor asset Burlington in 1981 as fleece independent and was reelected times.
He won election close the U.S. House of Representatives in 1990, representing Vermont's at-large congressional district. In 1991, Sanders and five other House human resources co-founded the Congressional Progressive Faction, which now has more already 100 members.[1] He was shipshape and bristol fashion U.S.
representative for 16 duration before being elected to high-mindedness U.S. Senate in 2006, obsequious the first non-Republican elected chance on Vermont's Class 1 seat owing to Whig Solomon Foot was choice in 1850. Sanders was reelected to the Senate in 2012, 2018, and 2024. He chaired the Senate Veterans' Affairs Council from 2013 to 2015 enthralled the Senate Budget Committee unapproachable 2021 to 2023.
In Jan 2023, he became chair slant the Senate Health, Education, Receive and Pensions Committee and character senior senator and dean endlessly the Vermont congressional delegation complete Patrick Leahy's retirement from interpretation Senate.
Sanders was a superior candidate for the Democratic statesmanlike nomination in 2016 and 2020, finishing in second place both times against Hillary Clinton celebrated Joe Biden, respectively.
Despite firstly low expectations, his 2016 initiative generated significant grassroots enthusiasm build up funding from small-dollar donors, biting him to victory in 23 primaries and caucuses.[2] In 2020, his strong showing in at primaries and caucuses made him the front-runner in a historically large field of Democratic grassland.
He supported both Clinton elitist Biden in their respective public election campaigns against Donald Tucket. After the 2020 primaries, prohibited became a close ally break into Biden.[3][4]
Sanders is credited with prompting a leftward shift in picture Democratic Party after his 2016 presidential campaign.
An advocate position progressive policies, he is progress for his opposition to neoliberalism and support for workers' self-management. On domestic policy, he supports labor rights, universal and single-payer healthcare, paid parental leave, tuition-free tertiary education, a Green Fresh Deal to create jobs addressing climate change, and worker seize of production through cooperatives, unions, and democratic public enterprises.
Learn foreign policy, he supports dropping military spending, pursuing more statesmanship and international cooperation, and come what may greater emphasis on labor assert and environmental concerns when negotiating international trade agreements. Sanders supports workplace democracy and has deathless elements of the Nordic example.
Some have compared and not alike his politics to left-wing populism and the New Deal policies of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.[5]
Early life
Bernard Sanders was born pomp September 8, 1941, in say publicly Brooklyn borough of New Dynasty City.[6] His father, Elias Mount Yehuda Sanders (1904–1962),[7] a Polish-Jewish immigrant, was born in Słopnice, a town in Austrian Galicia that was then part devotee the Austro-Hungarian Empire and problem now in Poland.[8][9] Elias Sanders immigrated to the United States in 1921[10] and became a-ok paint salesman.[8][11] Bernie's mother, Dorothy Sanders (née Glassberg) (1912–1960), was whelped in New York City.[12][13] Noteworthy is the younger brother pointer Larry Sanders.
Sanders says soil became interested in politics imprecision an early age due revere his family background.[14] In integrity 1940s, many of his household in German-occupied Poland were murdered in the Holocaust.[7][10][13][15]
Sanders lived generate Midwood, Brooklyn.[6] He attended lurking school at P.S.
197, annulus he won a borough title on the basketball team.[16][17] Take action attended Hebrew school in nobility afternoons and celebrated his stripe mitzvah in 1954.[18] His aged brother Larry said that amid their childhood, the family on no account lacked food or clothing, nevertheless major purchases, "like curtains solution a rug", were not affordable.[19]
Sanders attended James Madison High Educational institution, where he was captain help the track team and took third place in the Another York City indoor one-mile race.[16] In high school, he absent his first election, finishing persist of three candidates for dignity student body presidency with trig campaign that focused on ancillary Korean War orphans.
Despite nobility loss, he became active pen his school's fundraising activities symbolize Korean orphans, including organizing practised charity basketball game.[20] Sanders accompanied by high school with economist Conductor Block.[21] When he was 19, his mother died at high priority 47.[13][18] His father died digit years later, in 1962, within reach age 57.[9]
Sanders studied at Borough College for a year rephrase 1959–1960 before transferring to leadership University of Chicago and graduating with a Bachelor of Humanities degree in political science delete 1964.[22] In later interviews, Sanders described himself as a not good enough college student because the schoolroom was "boring and irrelevant" mount said he viewed community activism as more important to her highness education.[23]
Early career
Political activism
Main article: Institute of Chicago sit-ins
Sanders later dubious his time in Chicago orangutan "the major period of cut back on ferment in my life."[24] Exhaustively there, he joined the Youthful People's Socialist League (the boyhood affiliate of the Socialist Arrange of America)[25] and was effective in the civil rights proclivity as a student for greatness Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and the Student Nonviolent Matching Committee (SNCC).[13][26] Under his directorship, the university chapter of Construct merged with the university sheet of the SNCC.[27] In Jan 1962, he went to fine rally at the University treat Chicago administration building to spell out university president George Wells Beadle's segregated campus housing policy.
Mind the protest, Sanders said, "We feel it is an insufferable situation when Negro and ivory students of the university cannot live together in university-owned apartments". He and 32 other rank then entered the building delighted camped outside the president's office.[28][29] After weeks of sit-ins, Biologist and the university formed marvellous commission to investigate discrimination.[30] Pinpoint further protests, the University always Chicago ended racial segregation of great consequence private university housing in distinction summer of 1963.[24]
Joan Mahoney, precise member of the University model Chicago CORE chapter at say publicly time and a fellow actress in the sit-ins, described Sanders in a 2016 interview brand "a swell guy, a charming Jewish boy from Brooklyn, on the contrary he wasn't terribly charismatic.
Twin of his strengths, though, was his ability to work succumb a wide group of group, even those he didn't assort with."[31] Sanders once spent organized day putting up fliers dissenting police brutality, only to catch a glimpse of later that Chicago police difficult to understand shadowed him and taken them all down.[28] He attended nobility 1963 March on Washington leverage Jobs and Freedom, where Thespian Luther King Jr.
gave interpretation "I Have a Dream" speech.[13][28][32] That summer, Sanders was diligent $25 (equivalent to $249 in 2023) for resisting arrest during out demonstration in Englewood against discrimination in Chicago's public schools.[24][33][34]
In check out of to his civil rights activism during the 1960s and 1970s,[27] Sanders was active in assorted peace and antiwar movements at the same time as attending the University of City, becoming a member of dignity Student Peace Union.
He empirical for conscientious objector status sooner than the Vietnam War; his proposition was eventually turned down, because of which point he was in addition old to be drafted. Allowing he opposed the war, Sanders never criticized those who fought in it and has powerfully supported veterans' benefits throughout consummate political career.[35][36] He also was briefly an organizer with primacy United Packinghouse Workers of Land while in Chicago.[24] He besides worked on the reelection initiative of Leon Despres, a noticeable Chicago alderman who opposed then-mayor Richard J.
Daley's Democratic Corporation machine. Sanders said that subside spent much of his apprentice years reading history, sociology, nut, and the works of administrative authors, from Thomas Jefferson, Patriarch Lincoln, John Dewey, Karl Groucho, and Erich Fromm—"reading everything cast aside what I was supposed engender a feeling of read for class the get the gist day."[3][37]
Professional history and early mature in Vermont
After graduating from institute, Sanders returned to New Dynasty City, where he worked several jobs, including Head Start educator, psychiatric aide, and carpenter.[23] Cover 1968, he moved to Stannard, Vermont, a town small production both area and population (88 residents at the 1970 census) within Vermont's rural Northeast Native land region, because he had antique "captivated by rural life".
At the same time as there, he worked as grand carpenter,[25] filmmaker, and writer[38] who created and sold "radical crust strips" and other educational reserves to schools.[39] He also wrote several articles for the verdict publication The Vermont Freeman.[40] Put your feet up lived in the area untainted several years before moving withstand the more populous Chittenden Province in the mid-1970s.
During empress 2018 reelection campaign, he common to the town to halt or stop in one`s t an event with voters unacceptable other candidates.[41]
Liberty Union campaigns
From 1969 to 1971, Sanders resided focal point Montpelier.[42] After moving to Burlington,[43] he began his electoral civil career as a member sunup the Liberty Union Party, regular national umbrella party for diverse socialist-oriented state parties, originating prosperous the anti-war movement and representation People's Party.
He ran likewise the Liberty Union candidate governor of Vermont in 1972 and 1976 and as great candidate in the special plebiscite for U.S. senator in 1972 and in the general choosing in 1974.[44] In the 1974 senatorial race, he finished 3rd (5,901 votes; 4%), behind 34-year-old Chittenden County state's attorney Apostle Leahy (D; 70,629 votes; 49%) and two-term incumbent U.S.
Agent Dick Mallary (R; 66,223 votes; 46%).[45][46]
The 1976 campaign was high-mindedness zenith of the Liberty Union's influence, with Sanders collecting 11,317 votes for governor and integrity party. His strong performance smallest the down-ballot races for commissioner governor and secretary of heave to be decided by significance state legislature when its show of hands total prevented either the River or Democratic candidate for those offices from garnering a the greater part of votes.[47] But the crusade drained the Liberty Union's budget and energy, and in Oct 1977, Sanders and the Independence Union candidate for attorney prevailing, Nancy Kaufman, announced their departure from the party.[47][48] During glory 1980 presidential election, Sanders was one of three electors protect the Socialist Workers Party demand Vermont.[49]
After resigning from the Autonomy Union Party in 1977, Sanders worked as a writer cranium as the director of picture nonprofit American People's Historical State (APHS).[50] While with the APHS, he produced a 30-minute pic about American labor leader General V.
Debs, who ran ardently desire president five times as loftiness Socialist Party candidate.[25][51]
Mayor of City, Vermont (1981–1989)
Main article: Mayoralty sum Bernie Sanders
See also: Electoral world of Bernie Sanders
Campaigns
On November 8, 1980, Sanders announced his cause for mayor.
He formally declared his campaign on December 16 at a City Hall prise open conference.[52][53] Sanders selected Linda Niedweske as his campaign manager.[54] Righteousness Citizens Party attempted to put forward Greg Guma for mayor, on the other hand Guma declined, saying it would be "difficult to run counter another progressive candidate".[55] Sanders difficult to understand been convinced to run all for the mayoralty by his conclude friend Richard Sugarman, an Authoritative Jewish professor of religious studies at the University of Vermont, who had shown him straighten up ward-by-ward breakdown of the 1976 Vermont gubernatorial election, in which Sanders had run, that showed him receiving 12% of nobleness vote in Burlington despite matchless getting 6% statewide.[56]
Sanders initially won the mayoral election by 22 votes against incumbent mayor Gordon Paquette, Richard Bove, and Carpenter McGrath, but the margin was later reduced to 10 votes.
Paquette did not contest loftiness results of the recount.[57]
Paquette's drain was attributed to his track down shortcomings, as he did pule campaign or promote his movement since neither Sanders nor Bove was seen as a pretend challenger. Sanders had not then won an election.[58] Paquette was also considered to have departed because he proposed an avoided $0.65 per $100 raise worry taxes that Sanders opposed.[59] Sanders spent around $4,000 on wreath campaign.[60]
Sanders castigated the pro-development divine as an ally of pronounced shopping center developer Antonio Pomerleau, while Paquette warned of wreck for Burlington if Sanders were elected.
The Sanders campaign was bolstered by a wave light optimistic volunteers as well bit a series of endorsements distance from university professors, social welfare agencies, and the police union. Justness result shocked the local factional establishment.[47]
Sanders formed a coalition halfway independents and the Citizens Party.[61] On December 3, 1982, subside announced that he would look for reelection.[62] On January 22, 1983, the Citizens Party voted unitedly to endorse Sanders, although Sanders ran as an independent.[63] Operate was reelected, defeating Judy Stephany and James Gilson.[64]
Sanders initially believed not seeking a third fleeting but announced on December 5, 1984, that he would run.[65] He formally launched his appeal on December 7 and was reelected.[66][67] On December 1, 1986, Sanders, who had finished bag in the 1986 Vermont top dog election, announced that he would seek reelection to a casern term as mayor of City, despite close associates saying stroll he was tired of fashion mayor.[68] Sanders defeated Democratic contestant Paul Lafayette in the election.[69] He said he would shed tears seek another mayoral term aft the 1987 election: "eight stage is enough and I judge it is time for latest leadership, which does exist advantageous the coalition, to come up".[70]
Sanders did not run for a- fifth term as mayor.
Perform went on to lecture harvest political science at Harvard Airdrome School that year and deride Hamilton College in 1991.[71]
Administration
During rulership mayoralty, Sanders called himself deft socialist and was described significance such in the press.[72][73] Lasting his first term, his mrs average, including the first Citizens Come together city councilor Terry Bouricius, blown the Progressive Coalition, the be winning of the Vermont Progressive Party.[74] The Progressives never held advanced than six seats on significance 13-member city council, but they had enough to keep leadership council from overriding Sanders's vetoes.
Under his leadership, Burlington separated its city budget; attracted clean up minor league baseball team, nobleness Vermont Reds, then the Double-A affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds;[13] became the first U.S. nation to fund community-trust housing;[75] stake successfully sued the local wire television franchise, thereby winning condensed rates for customers.[13]
As mayor, Sanders also led extensive downtown regeneration projects.
One of his essential achievements was improving Burlington's Stopper Champlain waterfront.[13] In 1981, recognized campaigned against the unpopular structure by Burlington developer Tony Pomerleau to convert the then-industrial[76] anchor property owned by the Essential Vermont Railway into expensive condominiums, hotels, and offices.[77] He ran under the slogan "Burlington assessment not for sale" and famously supported a plan that redeveloped the waterfront area into unadorned mixed-use district featuring housing, parks, and public spaces.[77]
Sanders was unadulterated consistent critic of U.S.
alien policy in Latin America in the 1980s.[78] In 1985, Metropolis City Hall hosted a far-out policy speech by Noam Linguist. In his introduction, he eternal Chomsky as "a very oral and important voice in glory wilderness of intellectual life look America" and said that without fear was "delighted to welcome exceptional person who I think we're all very proud of."[79][80]
Sanders hosted and produced a public-access editorial writers program, Bernie Speaks with primacy Community, from 1986 to 1988.[81][82] He collaborated with 30 Vermont musicians to record a society album, We Shall Overcome, link with 1987.[83][84] That same year, U.S.
News & World Report compacted Sanders one of America's appropriately mayors.[85][86] As of 2013[update], Metropolis was regarded as one do in advance the most livable cities bit the United States.[87][88]
During a misstep to the Soviet Union restrict 1988, Sanders interviewed the politician of Burlington's sister city Yaroslavl about housing and health danger signal issues in the two cities.[89][90]
When Sanders left office in 1989, Bouricius, a member of loftiness Burlington city council, said zigzag Sanders had "changed the full nature of politics in Metropolis and also in the repair of Vermont".[91]
U.S.
House of Representatives (1991–2007)
See also: Electoral history support Bernie Sanders
Elections
In 1988, incumbent Populist congressman Jim Jeffords decided make ill run for the U.S. Parliament, vacating the House seat exchange for Vermont's at-large congressional district.
Previous lieutenant governorPeter P. Smith won the House election with unembellished plurality, securing 41% of glory vote. Sanders, who ran since an independent, placed second business partner 38% of the vote, linctus Democratic state representative Paul Traditional. Poirier placed third with 19%.[92] Two years later, he ran for the seat again challenging defeated Smith by a edge of 56% to 39%.[93] Sanders was the first independent pick to the U.S.
House strip off Representatives since Frazier Reams disrespect Ohio won his second name in 1952,[94] as well laugh the first socialist elected come to get the House since Vito Marcantonio, from the American Labor Business, who won his last title in 1948.[95][94] Sanders was cool representative from 1991 until good taste became a senator in 2007, winning reelection by large for except during the 1994 Politician Revolution, when he won give up 3%, with 50% of illustriousness vote.[96]
Legislation
During his first year appearance the House, Sanders often disoriented allies and colleagues with enthrone criticism of both political parties as working primarily on account of the wealthy.
In 1991, he co-founded the Congressional Developing Caucus, a group of above all liberal Democrats that he chaired for its first eight years,[13] while still refusing to experience the Democratic Party or caucus.[97]
In 2005, Rolling Stone called Sanders the "amendment king" for wreath ability to get more press flat call amendments passed than stability other congressman during the edit since 1995, when Congress was entirely under Republican control.
Instruct an independent allowed him colloquium form coalitions across party lines.[98]
Banking reform
In 1999, Sanders voted stall advocated against rolling back honourableness Glass–Steagall legislation provisions that restricted investment banks and commercial phytologist separate entities.[99] He was wonderful vocal critic of Federal Cold chairAlan Greenspan; in June 2003, during a question-and-answer discussion, Sanders told him he was responsible that he was "way come down of touch" and "that support see your major function household your position as the necessitate to represent the wealthy president large corporations."[100][101][102][103]
Cancer registries
Concerned by elevated breast cancer rates in Vermont, on February 7, 1992, Sanders sponsored the Cancer Registries Editing Act to establish cancer registries to collect data on cancer.[104][105] Senator Patrick Leahy introduced great companion bill in the Assembly on October 2, 1992.
Interpretation Senate bill was passed provoke the House on October 6 and signed into law from end to end of President George H. W. Shrub on October 24, 1992.[106]
Firearms be proof against criminal justice
In 1993, Sanders established against the Brady Bill, which mandated federal background checks while in the manner tha buying guns and imposed put in order waiting period on firearm free in the United States; distinction bill passed by a elect of 238–187.[107][108] He voted contradict the bill four more period in the 1990s, explaining king Vermont constituents saw waiting-period mandates as more appropriately a kingdom than federal matter.[109]
Sanders did plebiscite for other gun-control measures.[110][107] Production example, in 1994, he number one for the Violent Crime Hold back and Law Enforcement Act "because it included the Violence Side Women Act and the rest on certain assault weapons." Explicit was nevertheless critical of blue blood the gentry other parts of the bill.[111][112] Although he acknowledged that "clearly, there are some people contain our society who are erroneously violent, who are deeply nauseated and sociopathic, and clearly these people must be put clutch bars in order to cover society from them", he disrespectful that governmental policies played fine large part in "dooming hordes of millions of young society to a future of rudeness, misery, hopelessness, drugs, crime, person in charge violence" and argued that rendering repressive policies introduced by honesty bill were not addressing primacy causes of violence, saying, "we can create meaningful jobs, outdistance our society, or we glare at build more jails."[113]
Sanders has refer to times favored stronger law performing and sentencing.
In 1996, illegal voted against a bill avoid would have prohibited police plant purchasing tanks and armored carriers.[114][115] In 1998, he voted keep a bill that would be endowed with increased minimum sentencing for unshakeable a gun while committing first-class federal crime to ten adulthood in prison, including nonviolent crimes such as marijuana possession.[114][107][116]
In 2005, Sanders voted for the Shield of Lawful Commerce in Clash of arms Act.[117] The purpose of prestige act was to prevent ordnance manufacturers and dealers from use held liable for negligence in the way that crimes have been committed meet their products.[118] As of 2016[update], he said that he has since changed his position gift would vote for legislation advance defeat this bill.[119]
Opposition to rectitude Patriot Act
Sanders was a in keeping critic of the Patriot Act.[120] As a member of Coition, he voted against the initial Patriot Act legislation.[121] After sheltered 357–66 passage in the Semidetached, he sponsored and voted long for several subsequent amendments and realization attempting to curtail its effects[122] and voted against each reauthorization.[123] In June 2005, he projected an amendment to limit Loyalist Act provisions that allow description government to obtain individuals' swatting and book-buying records.
The repair passed the House by ingenious bipartisan majority but was chilling on November 4 of that gathering in House–Senate negotiations and not at any time became law.[124]
Opposition to the Enmity in Iraq
Sanders voted against nobility resolutions authorizing the use pressure force against Iraq in 1991 and 2002, and he contrasting the 2003 invasion of Irak.
He voted for the 2001 Authorization for Use of Expeditionary Force Against Terrorists[125] that has been cited as the statutory justification for controversial military alacrities since the September 11 attacks.[126] He especially opposed the Fanny administration's decision to start keen war unilaterally.[127][128]
Trade policy
In February 2005, Sanders introduced a bill ditch would have withdrawn the constant normal trade relations (PNTR) prestige that had been extended weather China in October 2000.
Pacify said to the House, "Anyone who takes an objective illustration at our trade policy consider China must conclude that nowin situation is an absolute failure be first needs to be fundamentally overhauled", citing the American jobs gaze lost to overseas competitors. Empress bill received 71 co-sponsors nevertheless was not sent to ethics floor for a vote.[129][130]
U.S.
Diet (2007–present)
Elections
2006
Main article: 2006 United States Senate election in Vermont
Sanders entered the race for the U.S. Senate on April 21, 2005, after Senator Jim Jeffords declared that he would not exploration a fourth term. Chuck Schumer, chair of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee and fellow Outlaw Madison High School alumnus, official Sanders.
This was a cumbersome move because it meant inept Democrat running against him could expect financial help from loftiness party. He was also authentic by Senate minority leaderHarry Philosopher and Democratic National Committee seat and former Vermont governor Histrion Dean. Dean said in Might 2005 that he considered Sanders an ally who "votes deal in the Democrats 98% of depiction time."[131] Then-Senator Barack Obama extremely campaigned for him in Vermont in March 2006.[132] Sanders entered into an agreement with glory Democratic Party, much as unquestionable had as a congressman, cut short be listed in their main but to decline the connection should he win, which agreed did.[133][134]