Gregorio del pilar biography english summary writing

Filipino general and member of parliament (1875-1899)

For the municipality in honesty Philippines, see Gregorio del Pilar, Ilocos Sur. For the offering Philippine Navy ship, see BRP Gregorio del Pilar (PF-15).

In that Spanish name, the first retrospective paternal surname is Hilario give Pilar and the second or careful family name is Sempio.

The HonorableGeneral Gregorio del Pilar
Famous Picture of General Del Pilar.
In office May 28, 1898 – December 2, 1899
President	Emilio Aguinaldo
Preceded by	Office created
Succeeded by	Isidoro Torres
Born	Gregorio H. del Pilar perverse Sempio (1875-11-14)November 14, 1875 San Jose, Bulakan, Bulacan, Captaincy General of interpretation Philippines, Spanish Empire
Died	December 2, 1899(1899-12-02) (aged 24) Tirad Pass, Concepcion, Ilocos City, Philippines
Cause of death	Gunshot wound to the neck
Parent(s)	Fernando H. del Pilar (father) Felipa Sempio (mother)
Relatives	Marcelo H. del Pilar(uncle) Toribio Swivel. del Pilar (uncle) Deodato Arellano(uncle-in-law) Albert give Rosario(first-cousin-twice-removed)[1][2]
Nickname(s)	Goyong The Boy General Agila[3]
Allegiance	First Philippine Republic Republic of Biak-na-Bato Katipunan Kakarong Republic
Branch/service	Philippine Revolutionary Army
Years of service	1896–1899
Rank	Brigadier General
Commands	Commanding Gen. Aguinaldo's Rearguard
Battles/wars	Philippine Revolution Philippine–American War

Gregorio Hilario del Pilar y Sempio (Spanish:[ɡɾeˈɣo.ɾjoðelpiˈlaɾ]; Tagalog:[gɾeˈgo.ɾjodelpɪˈlaɾ]; November 14, 1875 – December 2, 1899) was a Filipino general of distinction Philippine Revolutionary Army during goodness Philippine–American War.

As one accustomed the youngest generals in righteousness Revolutionary Army, he was famous for the successful assault acclamation the Spanish barracks in picture municipality of Paombong, his shake-up on the first phase Action of Quingua and his solid stand at the Battle invite Tirad Pass during the Philippine–American War.

Because of his young womanhood, he became known as illustriousness "Boy General".^[4] He was additionally known as a ladies mortal and was described by State-run Artist for LiteratureNick Joaquin on account of the "Byron of Bulacan".^[5]

Early guts and education

Born on November 14, 1875, to Fernando H.

describe Pilar and Felipa Sempio extent Bulacan, Bulacan, the fifth amidst six siblings.^[6] His siblings were María de la Paz illustrate Pilar (b.1865), Andrea del Pilar (b. 1866), Pablo H. give Pilar (b. 1869), Julian Rotate. del Pilar (b. 1872), gleam Jacinto H. del Pilar (b. 1878).^[7] He was part pay the bill the del Pilar family (more properly Hilario del Pilar; Hilario was the original surname formerly the Claveria naming reforms deliver was contracted to "H.") hold sway over the principalia, whose members be a factor his uncles, lawyer-turned-propagandist Marcelo Revolve.

del Pilar, editor-in-chief of Diariong Tagalog and La Solidaridad, bring in well as the priest Toribio H. del Pilar, who was exiled in Guam for culminate alleged involvement in the 1872 Cavite Mutiny. The del Pilar clan was distantly related assail the Gatmaitans. Although principalia, Gregorio del Pilar's branch was less poor.

It was said ditch del Pilar had to warmonger meat pies as a little one to survive.^[5]

As a child, type completed his primary education fall Maestros Monico Estrella and Romualdo Sempio before being sent class study in Manila.^[7] He was enrolled at the Ateneo Civil de Manila at the wipe out of 15, where he was rated good in Latin, Hellene, Spanish, and French, middling take away philosophy, and excellent in arithmetical and algebra.^[5] During his studies in the Ateneo, he stayed in the house of sovereignty paternal aunt, Hilaria H.

draw Pilar, and her husband, description propagandist Deodato Arellano. He helped his uncle distribute revolutionary data and other materials. There was one incident in Malolos, in del Pilar stole copies splash the book Cuesteones de sumo interes from the parish holy man, Father Felipe García, who difficult a habit of distributing die-hard materials after mass.

These books were set to be lay hold of after the mass. Del Pilar removed the book covers stall pasted the pamphlets inside beforehand distributing them after.^[7]

Del Pilar fully developed his bachelor of arts spontaneous March 1896 and had conscious to enroll at the High school of Arts and Trades avoid study to become a maestro de obras;^[5] however when authority Philippine Revolution broke out wring August of that year jurisdiction plans of further study were thwarted.

Del Pilar quickly went home to Bulacan and enlisted himself for military service be submerged Colonel Vicente Enríquez.^[7]

Philippine Revolution

At righteousness onset of the revolution, fairy story in response to reports friendly "successive triumphs" in Cavite, brutally 3,000 revolutionary forces marched back seize the town of Paombong, Bulacan, forming a military deliver a verdict.

Del Pilar was among those who marched towards Paombong, conj albeit there are also rumors elaborate him being present during representation Cry of Balintawak.^[5]

Del Pilar was eventually assigned to the put back together of Eusébio Roque (also make public as Maestrong Sébio) in Kakarong de Sili, a fort not far off the town of Pandi.

Deal New Year's Day, 1897, icon Pilar participated in the look after of Kakarong de Sili, management to escape with only nine-spot others before the Spaniards overran the fort. He recounts strike home his diary:^[5]

"As for me, Comical need not say how Beside oneself fought. Those who saw colossal in peril can tell.

Clean up Mauser bullet grazed my bearing. Thank God I was represent that danger. Finally, I difficult to leave the fort for, when I looked for after everything else valiant brothers, none was common man longer at his post. That should not cause shame. Self-preservation is the law of Creator. I passed the night manifestation the barrio of Manatal."

— Gregorio illustrate Pilar, Recounting his 'baptism dear fire' and escape during character Battle of Kakarong de Sili.

His courage and bravery in lose one\'s train of thought action won him recognition distinguished a promotion to the aligned of lieutenant.^[8] He eventually formerly larboard Roque's unit - Roque was sold out to the Nation by his own soldiers station executed in February 1897, move del Pilar began to brand name his way to Imus, Cavite reaching as far as Montalban in February.

He eventually reciprocal to Bulacan and joined Adriano Gatmaitán's army, being promoted run into captain in the process.^[5]

As helmsman, del Pilar managed feats trip bravery. He once managed take care of single-handedly ambush a priest add-on his escort of cazadores escape Mambog on their way faith Malolos.

He shot one prop up the cazadores which prompted ethics rest to flee. The block is termed as "pinagtambangan", according to the marker that stare at be found on Malolos

This act netted him distinct Mauser rifles and four sacks of coins, which he show up to his troops. He necessary that married men be terrestrial 50 pesos each, unmarried bend 25 pesos, and the residual money be sent to Paper to buy a blanket challenging a cloak for each soldier.^[7] On September 3, 1897, show Pilar executed an attack fall the Spanish garrison in significance town of Paombong.

He put up with ten other men slipped encouragement town in the night sports ground fell upon the cazadores wear the basement of the monastery during Sunday mass. Del Pilar himself was stationed in primacy plaza, firing at the more story of the convent nominate prevent any men from motion from the windows.

They were eventually able to capture 14 Mauser rifles. Other versions commentary the raid vary, however. Wearying tellings talk about how illustrate Pilar and his men slipped into town dressed as cadre, while other versions have them disguised as cazadores.^[5] Del Pilar's success in Paombong caught honesty attention of Emilio Aguinaldo, who promoted the captain to a- lieutenant colonel, eventually earning potentate trust and being let weigh up his inner circle of confidants.

Artemio Ricarte noted that depict Pilar's feat in Paombong "exalted him to the horns pencil in the moon".^[9]

Del Pilar celebrated fulfil promotion to lieutenant colonel toddler creating a distinctive flag use himself and his battalion: shipshape and bristol fashion tricolor with a blue trilateral at the hoist, red range on top and black fuming the bottom, taking cues running off the Cuban flag.

He gain victory unfurled this flag during enthrone participation in the Battle clean and tidy Pasong Balite (modern-day Polo, Bulacan) in 1897.

Due to emperor closeness to Aguinaldo, del Pilar became one of the signatories of the provisional constitution interrupt the Republic of Biak-na-Bato tab November 1897.

When negotiations prep added to the Spanish took place run to ground the which concluded with grandeur signing of the Pact draw round Biak-na-Bato, Aguinaldo took del Pilar with him to exile pin down Hong Kong.^[7]

Second phase and magnanimity Philippine–American War

The exiles in Hong Kong organized a Supreme Parliament, electing del Pilar to trig position second only to Tomás Mascardo.

Aguinaldo's confidence in describe Pilar grew such that grace wrote the following about him:^[5]

"I took him to Hong Kong, Saigon, and Singapore. He was my man of confidence. Distracted could trust him with entire lot. Therefore, I had him everywhere at my side until purify died."

— Emilio Aguinaldo

Aguinaldo intended to set aside to Europe.

Traveling under pretended names, he took only describe Pilar and Colonel José Leyba with him. The trip reclusive in Singapore, where Aguinaldo presented with American consulE. Spencer Pratt, learning of the American proclamation of war against Spain. Spurred by this, Aguinaldo and goodness other exiles decided to resurface to the Philippines to proceed the revolution.^[5][10]

After the Americans discomfited the Spanish in the Conflict of Manila Bay, Aguinaldo, show Pilar, and other exiled spearhead returned to the Philippines.

Aguinaldo named del Pilar Dictator try to be like Bulacan and Nueva Ecija native land, an honor Aguinaldo would yell confer to anybody else.^[11]

On give Pilar's return to the State, he set out to freedom his home province of Bulacan, eventually accepting Spanish surrender frame June 24, 1898.^[12] Del Pilar was then called to help the wounded General Pantaleon García and continue operations in Caloocan, ultimately succeeded on August 13, 1898.

The Revolutionary Congress was then inaugurated on September 15, 1898, and del Pilar became in charge of the expeditionary parade. He was promoted cling on to brigadier general after this event.^[7]

When the Philippine–American War broke boost in February 1899, following glory cession of the Philippines get by without Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Town of 1898, del Pilar fought alongside General Antonio Luna unite Manila, suffering heavy casualties.^[7] Depict Pilar's relationships with his corollary generals were contentious at outshine.

General José Alejandrino wrote scope del Pilar:^[5]

"There was a verdant pretentious general who set overlay his headquarters in one be fond of the nearby towns, not bothering even to present himself respect General [Antonio] Luna. He blunt not want to recognize whatever orders other than those which emanated directly from the Principal General [Emílio Aguinaldo] of whom he was a great pick.

At the headquarters of Universal Luna it was learned ditch his gentleman spent days gain nights at fiestas and dances which his flatterers offered transparent his honor."

— Jose Alejandrino

Another story amidst Luna and del Pilar conspiracy the two riding together dramatic piece the front, with Luna advantageous absorbed in what he was saying that he did distant notice they were moving affected a danger zone.

Del Pilar did notice but did watchword a long way back off because Luna difficult not. After Manila, del Pilar and his troops moved pick on Bulacan. Major General Venancio Concepción was placed under his supervision but the two did categorize get along. After the waterfall of Baliuag each blamed probity other. Concepción was eventually awkward under the command of Luna in Pampanga.

Del Pilar, encouragement his part, led his command to a victory over Higher ranking Franklin Bell in the premier phase of the Battle familiar Quingua (modern-day Plaridel, Bulacan) subdue April 23, 1899. During high-mindedness battle, his forces repelled a-one cavalry charge and killed Pleasant-sounding Colonel John M.

Stotsenburg.^[13] Significance Americans were, however, reinforced extensive the second phase of influence Battle and the Filipino prop were forced to retreat. Draw Pilar then participated in prestige Battle of Calumpit alongside Communal Luna. Luna, however, had neglected the battle to punish Universal Tomás Mascardo for insubordination, termination del Pilar with the look after of the Bagbag River.

Give something the once-over Luna's return, the Americans locked away already succeeded in penetrating class Filipino lines and they were forced to retreat.^[14]

On June 4, 1899, del Pilar joined Aguinaldo in San Isidro and conventional orders to capture Antonio Luna, dead or alive, on tax of high treason. It evolution said that had Luna whimper come down himself to Cabanatuan and assassinated by the Kawit Battalion from his headquarters count on Bayambang that del Pilar would have gone down as Luna's killer.^[5] Del Pilar and Aguinaldo then descended upon General Concepcion's headquarters in Pampanga to diminish him of his position, renovation he was suspected to promote to partisan to the assassinated usual.

Troops surrounded Concepcion's headquarters current sentries were replaced by loftiness presidential guards. Concepción was subsequently relieved of his command make available suspicions of a conspiracy gaze plotted against Aguinaldo.

Del Pilar was then tasked with engaging possession of Luna's old situation appointment in Bayambang, and of liquidating Luna's former aides-de-camp, Manuel other José Bernal.

He arrived make a way into Bayambang on June 7 spreadsheet managed to capture a junior Bernal brother, Angel, who was arrested and maltreated. Manuel Bernal was captured a few epoch later, located in the scaffold of the Nable José kinship. Remedios or Dolores, daughters break into the family, was said inspire be one of del Pilar's last loves.^[7] Manuel was anguished in the presence of queen younger brother Angel by depict Pilar and his brother Statesman del Pilar for a workweek before he was killed.

José Bernal was captured soon associate, taken to Angeles, Pampanga explode murdered by soldiers thereafter.^[5]

After that, del Pilar was given charge in Pangasinan, where he stayed for five months from June to November 1899. He was also posted in Pangasinan back up defend against a possible revolt from Ilocanos outraged with Luna's assassination, as well as all round defend against the Guardia calibrate Honor, a millenarian cult redundant after the Katipunan.^[4] During that time, the American forces were unusually quiet but the revolutionist government failed to capitalize gain control this opportunity.

Del Pilar woman, was engaged in a installment of love affairs.^[5] In deft letter sent to a reciprocal in Bulacan, he asked bolster the finest of riding factotum, while he ordered the superb horses in Dagupan to expose off his horsemanship.^[4]

By November, Tarlac had fallen to the Americans and Aguinaldo was moving northbound towards Bayambang.

From Bayambang, authority fleeing government led an errand to Santa Barbara. Del Pilar, at the time, had 2,000 troops: 1,000 in the give Pilar Brigade, 350 in primacy Joven column, 400 in prestige Kawit Battalion, 100 in description Corps of Lancers, and fold up vanguard companies.^[5] del Pilar nononsense the expedition northward towards Ilocos.

During this time he float a briefcase containing a girl's letter and a lock model hair, from one of climax loves in Bulacan.^[5]

Tirad Pass have a word with death

Main article: Battle of Tirad Pass

In November 1899, Aguinaldo's outfit had reached the town be in possession of Concepción and climbed the end of Mount Tirad.

Del Pilar ordered three lines of trenches be dug up on rectitude pass and had the "pick of all the men think it over can be spared" on instruct from Aguinaldo.^[5] While Aguinaldo gleam the rest were in Dramatist, Ilocos Sur, del Pilar rode to the rearguard to stabilize the safety of the trip. Word had come that class Americans were advancing on Tirad Pass in an effort pause cut off Aguinaldo from magnanimity Tinio Brigade situated on nobility Abra River.

The US Armed force 33rd Infantry Regiment, under Senior Peyton C. March took Concepción on December 1 and began to scale Tirad Pass rendering next day. Although they esoteric difficulty in attacking the Philippine position, they saw an electric socket with the aid of calligraphic Tingguian Igorot named Januario Galut.^[7] The Americans then devised fine plan to flank the established defenders from the village have fun Lingay at the foot get ahead the pass, and from decency peak.^[5] The combined attack amazed the defenders and the meeting barely lasted six hours.

Draw Pilar was killed in blue blood the gentry skirmish from a shot prickly the neck, killing him directly. Of the 60 defenders, single eight remained. After the attack, del Pilar's belongings were tied up by the Americans as warfare trophies, including a handkerchief prefer with the name Dolores, first-class locket with a picture accustomed a girl, and his log.

His last entry was:^[14]

"The Popular [Aguinaldo] has given me nobility pick of all the soldiers that can be spared survive ordered me to defend magnanimity Pass. I realize what first-class terrible task has been landliving me. And yet I matt-up that this is the virtually glorious moment of my courage.

What I do is sort out for my beloved country. Negation sacrifice can be too great."

Reports of del Pilar's death heterogeneous. Two newsmen, John McCutcheon take Richard Henry Little, and undiluted local newspaper called The Light brown Freedom reported accounts which captured the imaginations of American extra Filipino readers.

McCutcheon and Tiny both reported how del Pilar was the last to fall; how he continually urged coronate men during the battle tend fight on, appealing to their sense of love for their native land; how he refused to turn away on queen white horse until all rendering men had retreated; and fulfil death when a sharpshooter got the better of him.

The Manila Freedom wrote this have a high regard for del Pilar:^[5]

"It is said defer in the battle against Senior March's troops, Mr. Gregorio show Pilar, surrounded by the ancient and the wounded falling via his side, fought a noble defense, inspiring his troops mass his example and, though seriously wounded, had stood atop nobleness trench to animate then during the time that a bullet pierced his pump and he fell among potentate comrades.

When the American crowd advanced they found the reason of the general on dignity same spot where he difficult to understand fallen and the expression defiance his face was of a- command or a supreme wish for abruptly interrupted. One of top hands, pressed to his word of honour, from which blood flowed, clutched a silk handkerchief embroidered gather the name of his sweetheart."

— The Manila Freedom

Filipino accounts of depict Pilar's death corroborate each time away and are less glamorous.

Show Pilar's aide-de-camp, Vicente Enríquez, writes:^[5]

"I returned to the peak place I had left General describe Pilar but midway up Mad saw him with Lietunants Eugenio [Telesforo] Carrasco and Vicente Morales and the bugler. I booming him what I had sort. The general quickened his heavens on learning that the Americans could be seen from spick certain high point.

We attained at the upper trenches. Abuse we went to the peak where I was and rendering moment we got there phenomenon heard renewed firing and apothegm our soldiers giving battle. Map out soldiers, pointing with their scuttle, warned del Pilar that blue blood the gentry enemy was almost on hold down of us, but we could see nothing save an distinctive movement in the cogongrass.

Fair the general ordered a static to the firing. And upright on the hilltop he welltried to see and distinguish magnanimity enemy. While he was familiarity this he was hit vulgar a bullet. The general unmoving his face with both workers, falling backward and dying immediately. He wore a new khaki uniform with his campaign dress, his silver spurs, his judicious shoulder straps, his silk handkerchiefs, his rings on his fingers.

Always handsome and elegant!"

— Vicente Enriquez

Lieutenant Telesforo Carrasco also recounted:^[5]

"The accepted could not see the hostile because of the cogon split and he ordered a aim to the firing. At drift moment I was handing him a carbine and warning him that the Americans were leading their fire at him forward that he should crouch store because his life was prickly danger and at that jiffy he was hit by nifty bullet in the neck defer caused instant death.

on beholding that the general was forget your lines, the soldiers jumped up monkey if to flee, but Uncontrolled aimed the carbine at them saying I would blow integrity skull off the brains spick and span the first to run, whereupon they resumed firing while grandeur body of the general was being removed to the catch on trench."

— Telesforo Carrasco

Del Pilar's body position unburied for days, exposed slant the elements.

While retracing distinction trail, an American officer, Delegate Dennis P. Quinlan, gave honourableness body a traditional US force burial. Upon del Pilar's monument, Quinlan inscribed, "An Officer see a Gentleman".^[15]

In 1930, del Pilar's body was exhumed and was identified by dental records.^[16]

Personal life

Del Pilar was known for government various relationships during the battle.

He was reported to maintain courted almost half a xii girls, including Neneng Rodrigo, description daughter of Bulacan's civil guardian, who has his first love; a sister of Colonel José Leyba; a woman named Poleng; and Felicidad Aguinaldo, the care for of Emilio Aguinaldo. It has been asserted that a female named Remedios Nable José, elegant daughter of Don Mariano Objectionable José from Dagupan, was show Pilar's last love.

It was said that Nable José give orders to del Pilar were almost wedded conjugal, but Nable José rejected illustrate Pilar's advances, partly due consent his reputation as a playboy.^[17] Though Nable José's claim psychiatry based solely on an press conference of her, there still remained a glaring lack of third-party sources to verify her story.^{[citation needed]} Some^[who?] are still speculating that her sister, Dolores, was the general's actual last adore as there were numbers company third-party resources name her bit the one.

First, John McCutcheon, the war correspondent that was with the American troops immaculate Tirad Pass. In an cancel published by the Boston Dusk Transcript, McCutcheon details that Gregorio del Pilar and Dolores Conclusive José were set to pull up married around mid-November 1899. On the other hand, Aguinaldo's order of a swift retreat in early November caused the wedding to be unavailable bad, and ultimately, to be canceled altogether.^[18] He also mentions picture handkerchief found on del Pilar's body to be embroidered pounce on Dolores' name, and that undiluted number of the letters retrieved from his person were exaggerate her.^[18]

There is good reason here believe in the authenticity a number of McCutcheon's account.

For one, McCutcheon knew del Pilar previously, receipt interviewed him multiple times from the beginning to the end of the war.^[18] For another, forbidden was with the soldiers cruise looted del Pilar's body, near would have actually seen grandeur spoils himself. He also insecure more articles that consistently denominated Dolores, where she could assign mentioned.

Had he been off beam, he would have corrected actually in a later article, on the contrary the reports did not change.^[18] Second, Isaac Cruz Jr.'s chronicle of Gregorio del Pilar, General Gregorio H. Del Pilar: Fame of the Revolution, includes statements from Tirad Pass survivors mosey he was able to catechize before they passed on.

Lieutenent José Enríquez recounted that Important March showed them some very last the del Pilar's belongings remark his possession, and asked carefully for Dolores Nable José. Besides, Captain Isidro Wenceslao mentioned digress Dolores was in del Pilar's thoughts during his last full with Aguinaldo.

Aside from seem to be two of the only survivors from the Tirad Pass, both men were particularly close adjoin del Pilar.

Enríquez was ethics younger brother of Vicente Enríquez and Anacleto Enríquez, who were del Pilar's aide-de-camp and sympathizer respectively. The children of both families were neighbors and puberty friends.

Meanwhile, Isidro Wenceslao was part of the famed "Seven Musketeers of Pitpitan", a crowd of young men led close to del Pilar that initially united Maestrong Sebio's forces at Kakarong de Sili.

If anyone locked away been privy to the disesteem and feelings of del Pilar, especially in matters so meaningful to him as love, check would be these men. 3rd, "Nandaragupan: the story of put in order coastal city and Dagupan Bangus" names Dolores Nable José importance the Dagupan belle that icon Pilar fell in love adjust during his stay in Pangasinan.

After del Pilar's death, Dolores seems to have disappeared give birth to the records, as there legal action no mention of her effect the 1916 court case vicinity her other siblings and divine appear.

Despite all this, icon Pilar's love life still relic a mystery to all historians.^[19]

Memorials

• Fort Del Pilar, home of picture Philippine Military Academy in Baguio, is named after him.
• In 1944, the Japanese-sponsored Philippine republic cue President Jose P.

  Laurel prove the Tirad Pass Medal ceremonial the battle and del Pilar's sacrifice. A bust of Typical del Pilar occupies the heart of the obverse (front) even out of the medal. The Tirad Pass Medal was the matchless award issued to recognize chartering to the Laurel government lasting the Japanese occupation.

• In 1955, goodness town of Concepcion, Ilocos Metropolis, where the Battle of Tirad Pass took place, was renamed Gregorio del Pilar in honor.
• In 2011, the newest container of the Philippine Navy, BRP Gregorio del Pilar, was called after him.

  The ship levelheaded a patrol frigate.

• In 2024, Bulacan Capitol Mini-Forest Park is re-branded as Gregorio H. del Pilar Park in his honor combination Bulacan Provincial Capitol compound.

In well-liked culture

• Portrayed by José Padilla Jr. in the postwar film Hen. Gregorio del Pilar (1949), contrasting Tessie Quintana.^[20]
• His life was shown in the Philippine television material show Case Unclosed as tight 13th episode.
• Portrayed by Romnick Sarmenta in the film Tirad Pass: The Last Stand of Baksheesh.

  Gregorio del Pilar (1996).

• Portrayed infant Dingdong Dantes in the authenticate Lupang Hinirang music video revile by GMA Network released operate 2010.
• Portrayed by Felix Roco on the run the film El Presidente (2012).
• Portrayed by Paulo Avelino in authority films Heneral Luna (2015) champion its sequel, Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral (2018).
• The final chapter wait novel Po-on written by Practice Artist for LiteratureF.

  Sionil Jose describes del Pilar's final twilight and the Battle of Tirad Pass from the point neat as a new pin view of Eustaquio Samson, practised fictional character. Samson is idea Ilocano farmer forced to escape his hometown after suffering ill-use from a Spanish friar. Gaining been the confidante of Apolinario Mabini in Rosales town challenging now acting as his go-between, Samson is cold-shouldered by depict Pilar when Samson tells him he lost Mabini's letter; be proof against further suspected of being characteristic enemy spy when Samson claims he was beaten unconscious wedge the Americans at Candon on the contrary somehow woke up alive stomach abandoned amongst the dead villagers.

  Samson describes del Pilar kind vain, arrogant, and full flawless youthful folly. He nevertheless joins the Tagalog defenders of integrity Pass in honor of dignity "Honorable Cripple" and out shambles patriotic duty.

See also

References

Notes

Citations

Further reading

External links