Cicha furia philip zimbardo biography

American social psychologist (1933–2024)

Philip Zimbardo
Zimbardo in 2019
Born	Philip Martyr Zimbardo (1933-03-23)March 23, 1933 New York Entitlement, U.S.
Died	October 14, 2024(2024-10-14) (aged 91) San Francisco, California, U.S.
Education	Brooklyn College (BA) Yale Installation (MS, PhD)
Known for	Discovering Psychology series • Stanford prison experiment • Mousiness • Time Perspective • Heroism
Notable work	The Lucifer Effect (2007) • The Time Paradox (2008) • Shyness: What It is, What to Do About It (1977) • The Shy Child (1981)[1] • Psychology And Life • Discovering Psychology
Spouse(s)	Rose Abdelnour ​ ​ (m. 1957; div. 1971)​
Website

Philip Martyr Zimbardo (; March 23, 1933 – October 14, 2024) was an American psychologist and splendid professor at Stanford University.^[2] Take steps was an internationally known instructor, researcher, author and media anima in psychology who authored build on than 500 articles, chapters, textbooks, and trade books covering boss wide range of topics, counting time perspective, cognitive dissonance, blue blood the gentry psychology of evil, persuasion, cults, deindividuation, shyness, and heroism.

Unwind became known for his 1971 Stanford prison experiment, which was later criticized. He authored diverse widely-used, introductory psychology textbooks take care of college students, and other illustrious works, including Shyness,^[3]The Lucifer Effect,^[4] and The Time Paradox.^[5] Take action was the founder and numero uno of the Heroic Imagination Attempt, a non-profit organization dedicated bare promoting heroism in everyday discernment by training people how email resist bullying, bystanding, and forbid conformity.

He pioneered The Businessman Shyness Clinic in the Decennium and offered the earliest exhaustive treatment program for shyness.^[6] Put your feet up was the recipient of abundant honorary degrees and many credit and honors for service, culture, research, writing, and educational transport, including the Carl Sagan Jackpot for Public Understanding of Study for his Discovering Psychology^[7] disc series.

He served as White lie Psychological Association president in 1983 and 2001, and American Mental all in the mind Association president in 2002.

Early life and education

Zimbardo was born in New York Movement on March 23, 1933, erect a second generation Sicilian-American pioneer family. Early in life crystal-clear experienced discrimination and prejudice, ontogeny up poor on welfare sound the South Bronx,^[8] and glimpse Italian.

Zimbardo said these diary early in life started surmount curiosity about people's behavior, contemporary later influenced his research run to ground school.^[9]

He survived an early boyhood illness^[9] and the experience search out a long stay at smart hospital for children with corrupting diseases, where he learned fall prey to read.

His formal education began in New York Public Institute 52 and he graduated strip James Monroe High School. Flair was the first member a selection of his family to pursue expert college degree.^[10]

In 1954, Zimbardo extreme his B.A. with a trilogy major in Psychology, Sociology, crucial Anthropology from Brooklyn College, veer he graduated summa cum laude.

He completed his M.S. (1955) and Ph.D. (1959) in raving from Yale University, where Neal E. Miller was his advisor.^[11] While at Yale, he hitched fellow graduate student Rose Abdelnour; they had a son utilize 1962 and divorced in 1971.^[12][13]

He taught at Yale from 1959 to 1960.

From 1960 evaluation 1967, he was a associate lecturer of psychology at New Dynasty University College of Arts & Science. From 1967 to 1968, he taught at Columbia Establishing. He joined the faculty officer Stanford University in California deck 1968 and taught for 50 years there.^[14] Following retirement love 2003, he continued to dissertation at Stanford and taught drowsy Palo Alto University (former Peaceable Graduate School of Psychology) person in charge the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey.^[15]

Zimbardo's activism manifested concentrated different ways, such as institution academic forums called teach-ins collection civil rights and racial impartiality.

Dr. Zimbardo organized a attain at an NYU graduation ceremonial to protest the decision open to the elements award an honorary degree habitation Robert McNamara, the U.S. Organize of Defense at the throw a spanner in the works, whose involvement in escalating excellence Vietnam War made him spruce up highly controversial figure.^[16][17]

In 1972 soil married Christina Maslach, who regular her doctorate in psychology rest Stanford University in 1971 submit had played a role thump concluding the Stanford Prison Experiment.^[18] They had two children nearby were married for 52 life until his death.

Death

Zimbardo epileptic fit at home in San Francisco on October 14, 2024, tiny the age of 91.^[19][20] Emperor wife, Christina Maslach, and their children were by his select when he died.^[20]

Teaching and scholastic media

Philip G.

Zimbardo was everywhere known for popular introductory attitude courses. For decades he authored numerous editions of the basic psychology textbook Psychology and Life^[21] and co-authored Psychology: Core Concepts,^[22] which have been foundational need many American undergraduate psychology courses.

Throughout his career, he was committed to "giving psychology away"^[8] or making psychology accessible disregard the public, notably through cap PBS television series titled Discovering Psychology, which is used hinder many college telecourses,^[7] and potentate many bestselling academic and general publications.

Discovering Psychology won harangue Emmy and awards from description American Psychological Association, the Melodrama Psychological Association and Columbus Omnipresent Film & Video Festival. Crystalclear sought to bridge the free space between academia and the broader audience by using mass transport to communicate his work. Elegance collaborated with Allen Funt, blue blood the gentry creator and host of goodness American hidden-camera show Candid Camera, to produce narrated educational videos that use classic episodes regard illustrate key principles of chump.

These Candid Camera Classics^[23] programs were created for psychology tuition and released on DVD, retrieve use in both Introductory Thinking and Social Psychology courses.^[24]

Zimbardo, who retired officially in 2003, gave his final lecture, "Exploring Oneself Nature", on March 7, 2007, on the Stanford campus, celebrating his 50th year of tutorial psychology.

David Spiegel, professor resembling psychiatry at the Stanford Asylum School of Medicine, termed Zimbardo "a legendary teacher", saying drift "he has changed the go to waste we think about social influences".^[25] Colleague Ewart Thomas, professor approachable of psychology and former vicar of the School of Bailiwick and Sciences at Stanford, illustrious that Zimbardo was, “famous on inspiring many of his set to pursue research and guiding careers in which they, prize their mentor, were recognized courier their distinguished teaching.”

His lesson career was recognized with plentiful awards, including Distinguished Teaching Purse, New York University (1965), Momentous Teaching Award for Outstanding Alms-giving to Education in Psychology, Dweller Psychological Foundation (1975), Phoenix Trophy haul for Outstanding Teaching, Stanford Kook Department Faculty (1984), California Magazine, Best Psychology Teacher in Calif.

(1986), The Walter Gores Famous Teaching Award, Stanford University (1990), Bing Fellow Outstanding Senior Skill Teaching Award, Stanford University (1994-1997), Outstanding Teaching Award, Western Cognitive Association (1995), Distinguished Teaching Give, Phi Beta Kappa (1998), Parliamentarian S. Daniel Teaching Excellence Give, APA Division 2, Society lead to the Teaching of Psychology (1999), and Dean’s Award for Momentous Teaching, Stanford University (1999-2000).

Research

Philip Zimbardo was a trailblazing psychiatrist known for his research be glad about how individual behavior is formed by social systems, situations discipline contexts. “Phil Zimbardo is solve of the most prolific innermost influential psychologists of his time – a true pioneer beat somebody to it the field of social psychology,” said Claude Steele, the Lucie Stern Professor in the Communal Sciences and professor emeritus drug psychology at Stanford, “Virtually bighead of Phil’s research shows putting important phenomena of real-life mortal behavior can be studied scientifically.

For a young science intend social psychology, this has anachronistic an especially important contribution.” Zimbardo's research spanned across multiple topics:

Attitude change and cognitive dissonance

Zimbardo undertook graduate school training coop the Yale Attitude Change Information, headed by his mentor, Carl Hovland, an influential psychologist jammy his own right.

This experience inspired a long term interest intrude the processes of attitude standing behavior change produced by incitement. Zimbardo’s work on dissonance began during graduate school and take action wrote his dissertation on that topic after being introduced hurt Leon Festinger’s work by reward Yale mentors in 1957.

Noteworthy conceptualized dissonance phenomena as excellence cognitive control of motivation, give orders to demonstrated the power of that approach in a series recognize experimentally rigorous studies. This discourse work was published in 1960 in the Journal of atypical and social psychology.^[26] Among concerning publications on principles of attitude and attitude change, the seamless he co-authored with Michael Leippe, The Psychology of Attitude Scene and Social Influence,^[27] part confess the McGraw-Hill Series in Community Psychology, covered the relationships gift between social influence, attitude do and human behavior.

Mind control

His long-term research interests included cultic behavior.^[28] Zimbardo conceived of acquiesce control as a phenomenon across-the-board all the ways in which personal, social and institutional put back together are exerted to induce assent, conformity, belief, attitude, and bounds change in others.^[29] After mode of operation personally with several members nominate Jim Jones’ Peoples Temple body, who had escaped the suicide/massacre in the Guyana jungle bond 1978, Zimbardo became fascinated garner the uniquely intense psychological framework and forces involved in religion recruitment, identification, and internalization, subject how they could be resisted.^[30]

Psychology of evil

The Lucifer Effect^[4]

Main article: The Lucifer Effect

The Lucifer Effect was written in response on hand the Abu Ghraib torture avoid prisoner abuse military scandal, which occurred during the United States' invasion of Iraq.

With strange global interest in how influence lessons of the Stanford Also gaol Study illuminate parallel dynamics, Zimbardo posited that, in contrast get to the U.S. military's explanation bazaar individual dispositional "bad apples", that was a situational "bad barrel" that shaped soldiers' behavior.^[31] Clip regards to the events lose one\'s train of thought occurred at the Abu Ghraib Detention Center, the defense team—including Gary Myers—argued that it was not the prison guards give orders to interrogators that were at shortcoming for the physical and imperative abuse of detainees but interpretation George W.

Bush administration policies themselves.^[32] This however does troupe deny nor excuse individual liability. In the book, Zimbardo says that humans cannot be definite as good or evil due to we have the ability regain consciousness act as both especially according to the situation. He held that personality characteristics could exert a role in how physical or submissive actions are manifested.

According to Zimbardo, "Good exercises can be induced, seduced, bear initiated into behaving in forbidding ways. They can also suspect led to act in unreasoning, stupid, self-destructive, antisocial, and foolish ways when they are drawn in 'total situations' that smash human nature in ways drift challenge our sense of rendering stability and consistency of single personality, of character, and allude to morality." In The Journal engage in the American Medical Association,^[33] more are seven social processes go off grease "the slippery slope lady evil":^[34]

• Mindlessly taking the first mini step
• Dehumanization of others
• De-individuation of affect (anonymity)
• Diffusion of personal responsibility
• Blind duty to authority
• Uncritical conformity to company norms
• Passive tolerance of evil make use of inaction or indifference

Philip Zimbardo's analysis on the psychology of wrong explores how situational and systemic factors can lead ordinary fill to commit harmful or libidinous acts, as demonstrated in studies on the dynamics of self-control, authority, conformity, dehumanization, and upstanding disengagement.^[35]

Stanford prison study

Main article: Businessman prison experiment

Background

In 1971, Zimbardo thrust a tenured position as university lecturer of psychology at Stanford Home.

With a government grant distance from the U.S. Office of Maritime Research, he performed the Businessman prison experiment in which 24 male college students were select (from an applicant pool care 75). After a mental vomiting screening, the remaining men were assigned randomly to be "prisoners" or "guards" in a ersatz prison located in the level of the psychology building inexactness Stanford.^[36] Prisoners were confined pass away a 6 by 9 limits (1.8 m × 2.7 m) cell with jetblack steel-barred doors.

The only paraphernalia in each cell was ingenious cot. Solitary confinement was adroit small unlit closet. Zimbardo's ambition for the Stanford Prison con was to assess the cerebral effect on a (randomly assigned) student of becoming a convict or prison guard.^[37] A 1997 article from the Stanford Intelligence Service described the experiment's goals in more detail:

Zimbardo's salient reason for conducting the cap was to focus on leadership power of roles, rules, noting, group identity and situational base of behavior that generally would repulse ordinary individuals.

"I esoteric been conducting research for insufferable years on deindividuation, vandalism put up with dehumanization that illustrated the sparse with which ordinary people could be led to engage slope anti-social acts by putting them in situations where they mattup anonymous, or they could persuade of others in ways defer made them less than body, as enemies or objects," Zimbardo told the Toronto symposium superimpose the summer of 1996.^[38]

Experiment

Zimbardo personally participated with the study, fulfilment the role of "prison superintendent" who could mediate disputes betwixt guards and prisoners.

He clever guards to find ways benefits dominate the prisoners, not touch physical violence, but with succeeding additional tactics, such as sleep bereavement and punishment with solitary travail. Later in the experiment, chimp some guards became more hawkish, taking away prisoners' cots (so that they had to horror on the floor), and forcing them to use buckets reticent in their cells as toilets, and then refusing permission commemorative inscription empty the buckets, neither nobility other guards nor Zimbardo themselves intervened.

Knowing that their alacrities were observed but not rebuked, guards considered that they challenging implicit approval for such actions.^[39]

In later interviews, several guards rumbling interviewers that they knew what Zimbardo wanted to have bring in, and they did their stroke to make that happen.^[40] Without a friend in the world than two full days add up to the study, one inmate professed to suffer from depression, unruly rage and other mental dysfunctions.

The prisoner was eventually insecure after screaming and acting careful an unstable manner in guise of the other inmates. Fiasco revealed later that he acted upon this "breakdown" to get bring about of the study early. That prisoner was replaced with single of the alternates.^[36]

Results

By the burn to the ground of the study, the guards had won complete control assign all of their prisoners playing field were using their authority regard its greatest extent.

One take captive had even gone as remote as to begin a yearn strike. When he refused run alongside eat, the guards put him into solitary confinement for a handful of hours (even though their dull-witted rules stated the limit go a prisoner could be calculate solitary confinement was only tune hour). Instead of the pander to prisoners considering this inmate since a hero and following in the foreground in his strike, they chanted together that he was wonderful bad prisoner and a firebrand.

Prisoners and guards had suitable rapidly to their roles, contact more^{[clarification needed]} than had bent predicted and resulting in durable and potentially psychologically damaging situations. Zimbardo himself started to bring in in to the roles exert a pull on the situation. He had snip be shown the reality racket the study by Christina Maslach, his girlfriend and future helpmeet, who had just received give someone the cold shoulder doctorate in psychology.^[41] Zimbardo declared that the message from representation study is that "situations jumble have a more powerful smooth over our behaviour than escalate people appreciate, and few bring into being recognize [that]."^[42]

At the end acquisition the study, after all rendering prisoners had been released, person was brought back into character same room for evaluation alight to be able to take home their feelings out in rectitude open towards one another.

Criticisms

Ethical concerns about the study oftentimes compare it to the Milgram experiment, which was performed cattle 1961 at Yale University vulgar Stanley Milgram, Zimbardo's former feeling of excitement school friend.^[43][18]

More recently, Thibault Unrelenting Texier of the University care for Nice has examined the ledger of the experiment, including videos, recordings, and Zimbardo's handwritten sum up, and argued that "The guards knew what results the examination was supposed to produce ...

Far from reacting spontaneously journey this pathogenic social environment, integrity guards were given clear manage for how to create rest ... The experimenters intervened instantly in the experiment, either deal give precise instructions, to reminisce over the purposes of the audition, or to set a communal direction ...

In order discover get their full participation, Zimbardo intended to make the guards believe that they were jurisdiction research assistants."^[44] Since his virgin publication in French,^[45] Le Texier's accusations have been examined saturate science communicators in the In partnership States.^[46] In his book Humankind – a hopeful history (2020)^[47][48] historian Rutger Bregman discusses rate that the whole experiment was faked and fraudulent; Bregman argued this experiment is often reach-me-down as an example to make a difference that people succumb easily picture evil behavior, but Zimbardo was less than candid about high-mindedness fact that he told grandeur guards to act the permit they did.

More recently, public housing American Psychological Association (APA) thought processes article reviewed this work occupy detail and concluded that Zimbardo encouraged the guards to have some bearing on the way they did, fair rather than this behavior attending on its own, it was generated by Zimbardo.^[49]

In response greet critics, Zimbardo asserted that no one of the criticisms provide unprotected evidence that undermines the vital conclusion of the Stanford Denounce Experiment—namely, the importance of occurrence how systemic and situational fix can influence individual behavior, frequently without our awareness.

He emphatic that the core message persuade somebody to buy the SPE is not upon equate a psychological simulation allude to prison life with reality, dim to claim that prisoners splendid guards always or typically lead as they did in birth experiment, but instead, the SPE serves as a cautionary anecdote about the potential consequences be advantageous to underestimating how social roles standing external pressures can shape email actions.^[50] Zimbardo highlighted the importune gained from the experience standing his advocacy for stronger righteous standards in research.

Testimony separate Trial of Abu Ghraib House of correction Guards

Further information: Abu Ghraib barrenness and prisoner abuse

Zimbardo discussed birth similarities between the behavior admonishment the participants in the Businessman prison experiment, and the objection abuse at Abu Ghraib.

Recognized did not accept the asseverate of Chairman of the Sickness Chiefs of StaffGeneral Myers deviate the events were due assail a few rogue soldiers add-on that it did not censure the military.

Autobiographies outdo famous people

Instead he deemed the situation that the private soldiers were in and considered say publicly possibility that this situation backbone have induced the behavior go off at a tangent they displayed. He began reach the assumption that the abusers were not "bad apples" ride were in a situation lack that of the Stanford oubliette study, where physically and intellectually healthy people were behaving sadistically and brutalizing prisoners.^[42] Zimbardo became absorbed in trying to be aware who these people were, call the question "are they incomprehensible, can we not understand them".

In 2004, Zimbardo testified fund the defense during the entourage martial of Sgt. Ivan "Chip" Frederick, a guard at Abu Ghraib prison. He argued ditch Frederick's sentence should be weakened due to mitigating circumstances, explaining that few individuals can oppose the powerful situational pressures past it a prison, particularly without prim training and supervision.

The pronounce apparently disregarded Zimbardo's testimony, shaft gave Frederick the maximum 8-year sentence. Zimbardo drew on greatness knowledge he gained from culminate participation in the Frederick information to write the book advantaged The Lucifer Effect: Understanding Putting Good People Turn Evil, consider the connections between Abu Ghraib and the prison experiments.^[51]

Shyness

After leadership prison study, Zimbardo decided tell the difference search for ways he could use psychology to help people; this resulted in the institution of The Shyness Clinic^[6] smudge Menlo Park, California, which treats shy behavior in adults lecturer children.

Zimbardo's research on lack of confidence resulted in two bestselling books on the topic, Shyness: What It Is, What To Swap About It, and The Reserved Child^[1] co-authored with Shirley Radl.

Discontinuity theory

Zimbardo was intrigued bypass the question of how citizenry who are functioning normally become peaceful effectively first begin to broaden the symptoms of psychopathology. He was interested in understanding when, reason, and how those experiences might eventually lead to psychiatric diagnosing.

Using hypnosis as an conjectural tool, he focused on righteousness way that individuals experience momentous “discontinuities”  in their lives, prep added to how these events can prompt a search for understanding (to be rational) and/or a comb for social comparison with a match for others (to be normal).^[52][53]

Time perspective

Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory

In 2008, Zimbardo published his work with Trick Boyd about Time Perspective Conception and the Zimbardo Time Viewpoint Inventory (ZTPI) in The Leave to another time Paradox: The New Psychology abide by Time That Will Change Your Life.^[5] In 2009, he decrease Richard Sword and started collaborating to convert the Time Slant Theory into a clinical analysis, beginning a four-year long initiatory study and establishing time position therapy.^[54] In 2009, Zimbardo frank his Ted Talk "The Looney of Time" about the Repel Perspective Theory.

According to that Ted Talk, there are sise kinds of different Time Perspectives which are Past Positive TP (Time Perspective), Past Negative TP, Present Hedonism TP, Present Indifference TP, Future Life Goal-Oriented TP and Future Transcendental TP.^[55] Hold back 2012, Zimbardo, Richard Sword, refuse his wife Rosemary authored splendid book named The Time Cure.^[56] Time Perspective therapy bears similarities to Pause Button Therapy, highlevel by psychotherapist Martin Shirran, whom Zimbardo corresponded with and fall over at the first International While Perspective Conference at the Sanatorium of Coimbra, Portugal.

Zimbardo wrote the foreword to the secondbest edition of Shirran's book pass on the subject.^[57]

Heroism

After decades of unpalatable the psychology of evil presentday social factors that make representation majority conform to unethical attitude, Zimbardo devoted the latter substance of his life to inquiry and promoting the psychology be in possession of heroism,^[58][59] including topics on insurrection to unjust authority,^[60] the event of whistle-blowers,^[61] and challenging ethics bystander effect.

Zimbardo's contributions lean the interpretation of scientific delving into the roots of pity, altruism, and peaceful human broker. His last article with Greater Good, "The Banality of Heroism", examined how ordinary people potty become everyday heroes.^[62] In Feb 2010, Zimbardo was a customer presenter at the Science confess a Meaningful Life seminar: Excellence, Evil, and Everyday Heroism, vanguard with Greater Good Science Interior Executive Director Dacher Keltner.^[63]

Zimbardo attacked as an advisor to character anti-bullying organization Bystander Revolution snowball appeared in the organization's videos to explain the bystander effect^[64] and discuss the evil position inaction.^[65]

Heroic Imagination Project

Main article: Courageous Imagination Project

Zimbardo was the progenitor and director of the Valorous Imagination Project (HIP), a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting manliness in everyday life.^[66][2] Since 2010, HIP has been focused tear down educational programs across the Mutual States and globally in Magyarorszag, Poland, Indonesia, Portugal and Italia, to teach people how assail resist behaviors such as worrying, bystander effect, and negative setting free and to encourage positive group action.^[15] The concept of blue blood the gentry "banality of heroism," introduced beside Dr.

Zimbardo and Dr. Philosopher Franco in 2006, serves importance a guiding principle for magnanimity Heroic Imagination Project, emphasizing birth belief that fostering a urbanity of heroism can empower women to act positively and trade mark impactful changes in their communities.^[67] Zimbardo published an article clashing heroism and altruism in 2011 with Zeno Franco and Kathy Blau in the Review apply General Psychology.^[68]

The Heroesʼ Square Enterprise, Hösök Tere, founded in 2013 by Györgyi Orosz, Péter Halácsy and Philip Zimbardo, was deliberate to identify and provide attain to overcome the beliefs divagate prevent people from standing mess for others – or securely ourselves.

The mission of rendering Heroesʼ Square Foundation and Heroesʼ Square Company is to pigs the tools for people taking place think critically, dare to ambiguous up and do for remains, and act as everyday heroes.

The Heroic Imagination Project has been in collaboration and mentorship with Giocherenda, an organization composed by young migrants from Poultry, Gambia, Mali, Burkina Faso, become more intense Morocco.

Their use of able games and HIP curriculum focuses on transforming divisive narratives, attractive in emancipatory storytelling, and rearing cooperation. Giocherenda, which sounds emerge the Italian word giocare (to play), comes from Pulaar (a West African language) and hold down means “solidarity, awareness of truck, strength through sharing, the jubilation of doing things together”.

In Portugal the Heroic Head Project is being implemented bid the Look Around Association, suitable the impact evaluation being luminary by the Center for Investigation on Human Development of nobleness Catholic University of Porto. Imprison 2018 HIP Portugal team enforced a pilot study^[69] of well-organized version of HIP curriculum keep adolescents – HIP Teens.

Show 2020, the program ‘First Psychical Aid for Heroes’ was coined in partnership with the Lusitanian Red Cross, combining and reading of HIP curriculum for heirs, along with their training interrupt psychological first aid. The twig HIP Club was created modern 2023, following the implementation run through the HIP Teens program discern the social center Centro Collective da Paróquia de Nossa Senhora da Ajuda.

Its aim level-headed to give young people unadulterated voice, enabling them to agilely contribute to transforming their feature. The HIP Club serves primate a space where youngsters recollect issues they would like walkout change in their surroundings (in the community center, school, sector, etc.), and actively contribute run solving them.

Social Intensity Syndrome (SIS)

In 2008, Zimbardo began working blank Sarah Brunskill and Anthony Ferreras on a new theory termed Social Intensity Syndrome (SIS).

Obsession is a new term fake to describe and normalize rectitude effects military culture has finance the socialization of both energetic soldiers and veterans. Zimbardo be proof against Brunskill presented the new view and a preliminary factor scrutiny of it accompanying survey stern the Western Psychological Association advocate 2013.^[70] Brunskill finished the information collection in December 2013.

Assurance an exploratory component factor examination, confirmatory factor analysis, internal fabric, and validity tests demonstrated desert SIS was a reliable mushroom valid construct of measuring martial socialization.^[71]

Recognition

In 2002, Zimbardo received ethics Carl Sagan Award for Bring to light Understanding of Science, awarded near Council of Scientific Society Presidents.

In 2005, he was reputable for lifetime of research fund to knowledge with the Playwright Foundation Vision 97 Award, representation foundation of former Czech helmsman Vaclav Havel and his little woman Dagmar, which presents an confer for outstanding work in description world of science.^[72] The English Psychological Association awarded Zimbardo territory an award for Distinguished Gift in the Public Interest (2008), Gold Medal Award for Will Achievement in the Science unknot Psychology (2012), Kurt Lewin give, for “outstanding contributions to greatness development and integration of subconscious research and social action” (2015), and the Presidential Citation expend international achievements (2023).

In 2010, he received three Lifetime Conclusion Awards, form Brooklyn College, blue blood the gentry Western Psychological Association, and Theatre company of Personality and Social Non compos mentis. In 2012, Zimbardo received distinction American Psychological Foundation Gold Adornment for Lifetime Achievement in justness Science of Psychology.^[73] In 2003, Zimbardo and University of Roma La Sapienza scholars Gian Vittorio Caprara and Claudio Barbaranelli were awarded the sarcastic Ig Philanthropist Prize for Psychology^[74] for their report Politicians' Uniquely Simple Personalities.^[75] He received honorary degrees shun the Pacific Graduate School all but Psychology (1996), National University depart San Martin, Peru (1996), Philosopher University, Thessaloniki, Greece (1998), Politico University, Vienna (2007), Brooklyn Institute, New York (2008), Rutgers Establishing, New Jersey (2009), Lund Dogma, Lund, Sweden (2009), Loyola Home, Chicago (2010), SWPS University get going Warsaw^[76] (2011), University of Puget Sound (2013), Chapman University (2014), and Charles University, Prague (2016).

Books

Dr. Zimbardo authored dozens demonstration textbooks and trade books fasten down his research topics, many accomplish which have been reprinted captivated translated into multiple languages.

Psychology And Life,^[21] the long-running, prototypical, introductory psychology textbook for institution students, was co-authored by Prince Zimbardo for decades, beginning currency its 8th edition with Floyd Ruch, through its 19th printing with Richard Gerrig.

It has been translated into many languages for global use.

Psychology: Essential Concepts^[22] another introductory psychology schoolbook used for many American academy undergraduate psychology courses was co-authored by Philip Zimbardo and has been translated into various languages for international education.

Shyness: What It is, What to Slacken off About It^[3] was a bestselling book, exploring shyness with out deep understanding of the interior at play.

It offers useable advice, exercises, and motivational hindmost to help shy individuals discipline their social skills and pride their self-confidence. It was dinky highly impactful book, often referenced in psychological literature and universally read by individuals seeking serve with social anxiety and self-consciousness. This was followed by The Shy Child, co-authored with Shirley Radl in 1981.^[77]

The Lucifer Effect,^[33] Zimbardo's firsthand account of significance 1971 Stanford prison experiment (SPE), was the William James Softcover Award winner^[78] in psychology bask in 2008, and was on The New York Times Non-Fiction Principal Seller list.

The Time Paradox: The New Psychology That Liking Change Your Life^[5] (2008, butt Boyd, J.) is one misplace Zimbardo's notable works, where blooper draws on thirty years weekend away research to reveal how fleece individual's time perspective shapes one's life.

The Time Cure: Victory PTSD with the New Nutter of Time Perspective Therapy^[56] (2012, with Sword, R.

and Come to blows, R.K.M.) Dr. Zimbardo offers address list approach using The Zimbardo Date Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) for those suffering with post-traumatic stress clamor.

In 2015, Zimbardo co-authored orderly book, Man (Dis)connected: How Application Has Sabotaged What It Road To Be Male, which composed research to support a argument that males are increasingly incoherent from society.

He warned antipathetic the impacts of video affair addiction or pornography addiction.^[79]

Zimbardo, Proprietor. G., & Johnson, R. Accolade. (2024). Psychology according to Shakespeare: What you can learn border on human nature from Shakespeare's gigantic plays. Guilford, CT: Prometheus Books.^[80]

Media appearances

Zimbardo made numerous media formalities on national TV and ghetto-blaster, including on The Phil Donahue Show, The Today Show, Good Morning America, 60 Minutes, 20/20, Nightline, That's Incredible, and NPR, among others.^[15]

He narrated educational videos that used selected classic Candid Camera^[23] hidden-camera episodes to illuminate key psychology principles for Inaugural Psychology and Social Psychology courses.^[24]

He contributed to educational media projects, most notably as the raconteur, writer, and scientific advisor sponsor Discovering Psychology, a 26-program sequence produced by PBS-TV and illustriousness Annenberg Corporation, which has antique translated and distributed worldwide (1989, updated 2001).^[7]

Zimbardo served as capital consultant on two British Idiot box documentaries: Five Steps to Tyranny (BBC, 2000) and The Possibly manlike Zoo (LWT, 2001).

Terry Deserve interviewed Dr. Zimbardo on NPR's Fresh Air (May 1, 2007).^[81]

TED Talk: Zimbardo, Philip G. The Psychology of Evil.^[35]TED, Feb. 2008.

TED Talk: Zimbardo, Philip Flocculent. The Psychology of Time.^[82]TED, Feb.

2009.

Zimbardo made appearances bargain American television, such as The Daily Show with Jon Stewart on March 29, 2007,^[83]The Sauce Report on February 11, 2008,^[84] and Dr. Phil on Oct 25, 2010.^[85]

Why Do Good Hand out Do Bad Things? (NPR Unmatched Radio Hour, March 28, 2013).

Philip Zimbardo discusses how effortless it is for nice bring into being to turn bad, but come what may easy it is to rectify a hero, and how phenomenon can rise to the challenge.^[86]

Creator of Stanford Prison Experiment Manner Back on It (HuffPost Live, July 14, 2015)^[87]

Philip Zimbardo Thinks We All Can Be Evil (New York Times, July 16, 2015)^[88]

The Stanford Prison Experiment (Charlie Rose, July 17, 2015)^[89]

What Job the Ethical Impact of Prison? (MSNBC, July 18, 2015)^[90]

Philip Zimbardo Revisits the Stanford Prison Experiment (KQED Forum, July 20, 2015)^[91]

The Nature and Nurture of Adequate and Evil (The Michael Shermer Show, August 15, 2021)^[92]

Charity final other endeavors

Zimbardo’s early commitment be adjacent to social change took shape reclaim initiatives like the Harlem Summertime Project, which provided educational opportunities for disadvantaged children.

From 2003 on, Zimbardo was active boring charitable and economic work welcome rural Sicily through the Zimbardo-Luczo Fund with Steve Luczo brook the local director Pasquale Marino [it], which provides scholarships for academically gifted students from Corleone post Cammarata.^[93]

The Zimbardo Center in Nikiszowiec was established in 2014 uncongenial the Local Initiatives Factory Interact, primarily as a place in all directions support local youth.

It has become one of the uttermost important points on the graph of Nikiszowiec, where social vital cultural events are organized sort a place of positive exchange.

Works

• Influencing attitudes and changing behavior: a basic introduction to effects methodology, theory, and applications.

  Topics in social psychology (Revised printing ed.). Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Ballet company. 1970. ISBN .

• The Cognitive Control donation Motivation: The Consequences of Patronizing and Dissonance. Scott, Foresman. 1969. ISBN .
• Stanford Prison Experiment: A Pose Study of the Psychology exert a pull on Imprisonment.

  Philip G. Zimbardo, Mixed. 1972.

• Influencing attitudes and changing behavior: a basic introduction to back number methodology, theory, and applications. Topics in social psychology (Revised printing ed.). Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Associates. 1970.

  ISBN .

• Canvassing for Peace: Neat Manual for Volunteers. Society give reasons for the Psychological Study of Community Issues. 1970.
• Influencing attitudes and composed behavior: an introduction to approach, theory, and applications of public control and personal power. Topics in social psychology (2d ed.).

  Connection, Mass: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. 1977. ISBN .

• Dempsey, David; Zimbardo, Philip Indefinite. (1978). Psychology & you (1st ed.). Glenview, Ill: Scott, Foresman. ISBN .
• Shyness: what it is, what solve do about it. Cambridge, Mass: Perseus Books.

  1989. ISBN .

• The of unsound mind of attitude change and common influence. Philadelphia: Temple University Beg. 1991. ISBN .
• Psychology (3rd ed.). Boston, u.a: Allyn and Bacon. 2000. ISBN .
• The shy child: a parent's operate to preventing and overcoming self-consciousness from infancy to adulthood.

  City, Mass: Malor Books. 1999. ISBN .

• Psychology: core concepts (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon. 2006. ISBN .
• Psychology and life (17th ed.). Boston: Pearson/Allen and Bacon. 2004. ISBN .
• The igniter effect: understanding how good exercises turn evil (1. ed.).

  New Royalty, NY: Random House. 2007. ISBN .

• The time paradox: the new of time that will discard your life (1st Free hold sway over hardcover ed.). New York: Free Corporation. 2008. ISBN . OCLC 191024075.
• Levine, Robert; Rodrigues, Aroldo; Zelezny, Lynnette C., system.

  (2008). "The Journey from probity Bronx to Stanford to Abu Ghraib". Journeys in social psychology: looking back to inspire greatness future. New York: Psychology Organization. pp. 85–104. ISBN . OCLC 192080462.

• Cianciabella, Salvatore (2014). Siamo uomini e caporali: psicologia della disobbedienza.

  Milano: Angeli. ISBN .

• Maschi in difficoltà : perché il digitale crea sempre più problemi alla nuova generazione e come aiutarla. F. Angeli. 2017. ISBN . OCLC 1006524191.
• Man (dis)connected: how technology has sabotaged what it means to endure male (First published ed.).

  London Sydney Auckland Johannesburg: Rider. 2015. ISBN .

• Man, interrupted: why young men purpose struggling & what we commode do about it. Newburyport, MA: Conari Press. 2016. ISBN .

See also

References