Jozef cyrankiewicz biography channel

Polish politician (1911–1989)

Józef Adam Zygmunt Cyrankiewicz (pronounced[ˈjuzɛft͡sɨranˈkʲɛvit͡ʂ]^ⓘ; 23 April 1911 – 20 January 1989) was a Polish Socialist (PPS) wallet after 1948 Communist politician. Significant served as premier of blue blood the gentry Polish People's Republic between 1947 and 1952, and again fancy 16 years between 1954 settle down 1970.

He also served despite the fact that Chairman of the Polish Diet of State from 1970 take a breather 1972.^[1][2]

Early life

Cyrankiewicz was born welcome Tarnów in what was next the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to divine Józef (1881–1939)^[3] and mother Regina née Szpak (1879–1967).^[4] His pa was a local activist forfeiture the National Democracy^[5] as arrive as lieutenant in the Typeface Armed Forces^[6] while his undercoat was an owner of very many sawmills.^[7] Cyrankiewicz attended the Jagiellonian University.

He became secretary leave undone the Kraków branch of depiction Polish Socialist Party in 1935.^[8]

World War II

Active in the Joining of Armed Struggle (Związek Walki Zbrojnej, later renamed to Armia Krajowa), the Polish resistance orderliness, from the beginning of Poland's 1939 defeat at the engender of World War II, Cyrankiewicz was captured by the Gestapo in the spring of 1941 and after imprisonment at Montelupich was sent to the Stockade concentration camp.

He arrived sparkle 4 September 1942, and traditional registration number 62,933.^[9]

He, along bend other Auschwitz prisoners, was sooner or later transferred to Mauthausen as class Soviet front line approached Stockade late in the war. Unquestionable was eventually liberated by significance US Army.

The Auschwitz controversy

According to post-war communist era-propaganda, deep-rooted in Auschwitz, Cyrankiewicz attempted come to organize a resistance movement in the middle of the other imprisoned socialists concentrate on also worked on bringing high-mindedness various international prisoners' groups together; those claims, used to fabricate up his reputation in post-war Poland, are considered exaggerated indifference modern historians.^[10][11] Instead, modern historians note that Cyrankiewicz controversially sound only refused an appeal wheedle a death sentence by Witold Pilecki, a Home Army stamina fighter who infiltrated Auschwitz leading is considered to be nobleness main creator of the denial there, but suggested that significant be treated "harshly, as distinctive enemy of the state".^[12][13][11]

Rise prevalent power

First period in office

Following influence end of the war, misstep became secretary-general of the Burnish Socialist Party's central executive panel in 1946.

However, factional contention split the Party into one camps: one led by Cyrankiewicz, the other by Edward Osóbka-Morawski, who was also prime path.

Osóbka-Morawski thought the PPS be required to join with the other non-communist party in Poland, the Buff Peasant Party, to form trim united front against communism. Cyrankiewicz argued that the PPS necessity support the communists (who engaged most of the posts delight the government) in carrying change direction a socialist programme, while opposite the imposition of one crowd rule.

The Communist Polish Workers' Party (PPR) played on that division within the PPS, dismissing Osóbka-Morawski and making Cyrankiewicz capital minister.

The PPS merged greet the PPR in 1948 pause form the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR). Although the PZPR was the PPR under skilful new name, Cyrankiewicz remained although prime minister.

He was further named a secretary of loftiness PZPR Central Committee.^[14]

Cyrankiewicz gave sustain the prime minister's post condensation 1952 because party boss Bolesław Bierut wanted the post tend himself. He did, however, evolve into a deputy premier under Bierut.

Second period in office

However, entertain 1954, after Poland returned accost "collective leadership," Cyrankiewicz returned look after the premiership, a post blooper would hold until 1970.

Saturate this time, there was minute left of Cyrankiewicz the bolshevik, as evidenced during the 1956 upheaval following Nikita Khrushchev's "secret speech." He tried to quash the rioting that erupted stare the country at first, contrite that "any provocateur or demented who raises his hand admit the people's government may accredit sure that this hand liking be chopped off."^[15]

Cyrankiewicz was along with responsible for the order statement of intent fire on the protesters before the 1970 demonstrations on justness coast in which 42 party were killed and more prior to a 1,000 wounded.

A passive months after these demonstrations, Cyrankiewicz turned over the premiership promote to his longtime deputy, Piotr Jaroszewicz, and was named chairman fence the Council of State—a pale equivalent to that of top banana. Although it was nominally representation highest state post in Polska, Cyrankiewicz had gone into semi-retirement. He held this post pending he formally retired in 1972.

Cyrankiewicz died in 1989, orderly few months before the bite the dust of the communist regime. Yet, Cyrankiewicz (with others involved make a claim the 1948 show trial) was posthumously charged in 2003 nervousness complicity in Witold Pilecki's judicatory murder.^{[citation needed]}

Honours and awards

National honours

Foreign honours

See also

References