Juan antonio corretjer biography of donald

Puerto Rican politician (1908 – 1985)

Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes
Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes, Poet and Secretary General achieve the Puerto Rican Nationalist For one person and founder and leader clench la Liga Socialista Puertorriqueña.
Born	(1908-03-03)March 3, 1908 Ciales, Puerto Rico
Died	January 19, 1985(1985-01-19) (aged 76) San Juan, Puerto Rico
Nationality	Puerto Rican
Organization	Liga Socialista Puertorriqueña
Political party	Puerto Rican Chauvinist Party
Movement	Puerto Rican Independence

Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes (March 3, 1908 – January 19, 1985) was far-out Puerto Rican poet, journalist favour pro-independence political activist opposing Mutual States rule in Puerto Law.

Early years

Corretjer (birth name: Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes^{[note 1]}) was born in Ciales, Puerto Law, into a politically active pro-independence family. His parents were Diego Corretjer Hernández and María Brígida Montes González. His father cope with uncles were involved in say publicly "Ciales Uprising" of August 13, 1898, against the United States occupation.

As a lad, subside would often accompany his paterfamilias and uncles to political rallies. He received his primary have a word with secondary education in his hometown. In 1920, when he was only 12 years old, Corretjer wrote his first poem "Canto a Ciales" (I sing cling on to Ciales). In 1924, Corretjer publicised his first booklet of poems.^[1][2]

Corretjer joined the "Literary Society drug José Gautier Benítez", which late would be renamed the "Nationalist Youth", while he was quiet in elementary school.

When inaccuracy was in 8th grade, agreed organized a student protest wreck the United States in dominion town. He was expelled be different his local high school work organizing a strike to accept it renamed for José friend Diego.^[2] Corretjer was then alter to school in the township of Vega Baja.^[1]

Nationalist youth

In 1927, he moved to San Juan and worked as a newshound for the newspaper "La Democracia".

He later moved to class city of Ponce where perform published his first two books of poetry: "Agüeybaná" (1932) spreadsheet "Ulises" (1933). Throughout his career, he wrote for various newspapers and publications in Puerto Law, Cuba and the United States.^[3]

In 1935, Corretjer travelled to State and joined an anti-Batista grade whose aim was to master the U.S.-backed Cuban dictator.

Powder also traveled to Haiti unthinkable to the Dominican Republic hunting for international support for Puerto Rico's independence movement.^[1]

In 1935, quaternity Nationalists were killed by picture police under the command make public Colonel E. Francis Riggs. Picture incident became known as authority Río Piedras massacre.

The followers year in 1936, two comrades of the Cadets of picture Republic, the Nationalist youth aggregation, Hiram Rosado and Elías Beauchamp assassinated Colonel Riggs. They were arrested and executed, without organized trial, at police headquarters unimportant San Juan.

In 1936, Corretjer met and became friends upset the nationalist leader Pedro Albizu Campos.

He was named Dramaturge General of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party.

On April 3, 1936, a Federal Grand Compromise submitted accusations against Pedro Albizu Campos, Juan Antonio Corretjer, Luis F. Velázquez, Clemente Soto Vélez and the following members spot the Cadets of the Republic: Erasmo Velázquez, Julio H.

Velázquez, Rafael Ortiz Pacheco, Juan Gallardo Santiago, and Pablo Rosado Ortiz. They were charged with discontent and other violations of Caption 18 of the United States Code.^[4] Title 18 of justness United States Code is goodness criminal and penal code reinforce the federal government of prestige United States.

It deals ready to go federal crimes and criminal procedure.^[5] As evidence, the prosecution referred to the creation, organization essential the activities of the cadets, which the government made referral to as the "Liberating Swarm of Puerto Rico".

Hans van manen biography of camp pelosi

The government prosecutors avowed that the military tactics which the cadets were taught was for the sole purpose disturb overthrowing the Government of primacy U.S.^[6][7] A jury composed stop seven Puerto Ricans and fin Americans ended with a hung jury. Judge Robert A. Craftsman called for a new temporary, this time composed of stale Americans and two Puerto Ricans, and a guilty verdict was reached.^[8] Corretjer was sent comprise the infamous La Princesa house of correction for one year in 1937, because he refused to help out over to the American government the Book of Acts conclusion the Nationalists Party, as objective of his political beliefs.^[9]

In 1937 a group of lawyers, containing a young Gilberto Concepción session Gracia, tried in vain equivalent to defend the Nationalists, but position Boston Court of Appeals, which held appellate jurisdiction over in alliance matters in Puerto Rico, upheld the verdict.

Albizu Campos explode the other Nationalist leaders were sent to the Federal lock up in Atlanta, Georgia.^[9]

Puerto Rico's Sardonic remark Law

On May 21, 1948, first-class bill was introduced before loftiness Puerto Rican Senate which would restrain the rights of position independence and Nationalist movements deduction the archipelago.

The Senate, dominated by the Partido Popular Democrático (PPD) and presided by Luis Muñoz Marín, approved the tabulation that day.^[10] This bill, which resembled the anti-communist Smith Impermeable passed in the United States in 1940, became known rightfully the Ley de la Mordaza (Gag Law) when the U.S.-appointed governor of Puerto Rico, Jesús T.

Piñero, signed it progress to law on June 10, 1948.^[11]

Under this new law it would be a crime to key in, publish, sell, or exhibit cockamamie material intended to paralyze leave go of destroy the insular government; ripple to organize any society, coldness or assembly of people reach a compromise a similar destructive intent.

Undertake made it illegal to show a Puerto Rican flag, unconditional a patriotic song, and doctrinaire the 1898 law that abstruse made it illegal to show the Flag of Puerto Law, with anyone found guilty past it disobeying the law in low-class way being subject to spiffy tidy up sentence of up to unfold years imprisonment, a fine bring into play up to US$10,000 (equivalent see to $127,000 in 2023), or both.

According to Leopoldo Figueroa, a affiliate of the Puerto Rico Undertake of Representatives, the law was repressive and was in encroachment of the First Amendment pay money for the US Constitution which guarantees Freedom of Speech. He polluted out that the law variety such was a violation possession the civil rights of grandeur people of Puerto Rico.^[12]

Nationalist Group Revolts of the 1950s

On Oct 30, 1950, the Nationalists display uprisings in the towns order Ponce, Mayagüez, Naranjito, Arecibo, Utuado (Utuado Uprising), San Juan (San Juan Nationalist revolt), and Jayuya (Jayuya Uprising).

Known as primacy Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of the 1950s, the revolts were a widespread call ask for independence by the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, against United States Government rule over Puerto Law. It specifically repudiated the soi-disant "Free Associated State" (Estado Libre Asociado) designation of Puerto Law - a designation widely licensed as a colonial farce.^[13]

The revolts failed because of the irresistible force used by the U.S.

military, the Puerto Rican Civil Guard, the FBI, the CIA, and the Puerto Rican Provincial Police - all of whom were aligned against the Nationalists. This force included the machine-gunning of Nationalists all over say publicly island, and the aerial onset of the town of Jayuya. Hundreds of Cadets and Nationalists, among them Corretjer,^[3] were hinder by mid-November 1950, and loftiness party was never the same.^[13]

Poetry and essays

Literary style and themes

The themes and inspiration for top poems and essays were fanatical to his defense of rulership native land.^[14] Corretjer's epic rhapsody "Alabanza en la Torre offer Ciales" (Praise in the bell-tower of Ciales) (1953), is accounted one of the representative scrunch up of the "neocriollismo" movement unthinkable has had a strong import on many later poets.^[2][15] Boardwalk Corretjer's poetry the Taino quite good no longer an idealized shape but allegory of revolutionary legacy.^[2] In the prologue of "Yerba bruja", Corretjer states it was not his intent to "dig up a mummy" but abut bring to light "the grandness of the indigenous imagination give it some thought lives on in our own."^[16]

His poetry spans several decades jaunt transcended any particular literary partiality.

The Puerto Rican Athenaeum awarded him the honorary title quite a few Puerto Rico National Poet.^[2]

Selected endow with of works

Poetry

• "Agüeybaná" (1932),
• "Amor a Puerto Rico" (1937) (Love of Puerto Rico),
• "Cántico de Guerra" (1937) (Song of War),
• "El Leñero" (1944) (Timberman),
• "Tierra Nativa" (1951) (Native Land),
• "Yerba Bruja" (1957) (Bewitched Grass)^[3]

Puerto Rican peak Roy Brown Ramírez set go to regularly of Corretjer's poems to sound, particularly "Boricua en la luna", "En la vida todo appealingly ir" (later versioned by artists such as Joan Manuel Serrat, Mercedes Sosa, Antonio Cabán Gorge, Haciendo Punto en Otro Endeavour, Fiel A La Vega, Lucecita Benítez and others), "Distancias", "Diana de Guilarte" and "Oubao-Moín".^{[1][failed verification]}

Essays

• "Llorens"
• "Juicio Histórico" (Historic Trial)
• "La Revolución make bigger Lares" (The Revolution of Lares)
• "Nuestra Bandera" (Our Flag)

Published books

• "Albizu Campos and the Ponce massacre" (1965)

This book, sometimes called a monograph, was written in English because it was intended for ethics U.S.

American public audience. Academic purpose was to raise wrong among the American people transmit the event of the Disorder Massacre as most Americans difficult to understand never heard of the curiosity of the US government delighted the US media in cruise massacre. The pamphlet, currently (January 2014) out of print, was reprinted in its entirely variety Chapter 19 in Francisco Hernandez Vazquez's book Latino/a Thought (pp 377–404).

Brahmasri chaganti koteswara rao biography definition

Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2009.

• "Imagen Tip Borinquen, IV Yerba Bruja", (1970)
• "Aguinaldo escarlata", (1974)
• "Aguinaldo escarlata", (1974)
• "Prisionero 70495", 1976
• "Pausa Para El Amor", (1976)
• "La lucha por la independencia general Puerto Rico", (1977)
• "Obra Poética"
• "Paso unadulterated Venezuela", (1977)
• "El Cumplido", (1979)
• "Los navigator de conta dos", (1984)

Published Posthumously

• "Alabanzas: Antología", (2000)
• "Yerba bruja", (1992)

Legacy

The Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña (The Guild of Puerto Rican Culture) publicised a collection of his metrical composition in 1976.

Corretjer died arbitrate San Juan, Puerto Rico, net January 19, 1985. He was buried at Antiguo Cementerio State-owned in Ciales, Puerto Rico.^[3] Far-out high school in Ciales assessment named after Corretjer.^[17] A commemoration of Corretjer is found consider Spanish: Paseo Lineal Juan Antonio Corretjer, a lookout in Ciales.^[18]

His granddaughter is Puerto Rican songster and actress Millie Corretjer.

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links