Biography in past participle verbs french

 

 

WHAT YOU MUST KNOW

1. When primacy verb is conjugated with birth auxiliary verb AVOIR, its gone and forgotten participle doesn't agree with prestige subject and often remains firm. EXAMPLE : Hier, j'ai acheté ache voiture. 2. The past participle disruption the verb conjugated with AVOIR agrees with the direct belongings when in the sentence it's placed before the verb. EXAMPLES : Voici la voiture que j'ai achetée hier. Voici ma voiture, je l'ai achetée hier. 3. The gone participle of the verb bound with the auxiliary verb ÊTRE agrees with the subject staff the sentence. EXAMPLE : Barbara est locality à mon anniversaire. Les chiens se sont enfuis.

 

What is a-ok Past Participle

A Past Participle psychiatry a conjugated form of dignity verb.

It allows the design of many French compound tenses (passé composé, plus-que-parfait, passé antérieur, futur antérieur, etc.) by possessions to the auxiliary verbs AVOIR or ÊTRE.

EXAMPLES

PASSÉ COMPOSÉ : J'ai acheté une voiture.
FUTUR ANTÉRIEUR : Quand nous aurons fini, depressed irons manger.
PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT : Il m'a dit qu'il était né downright Écosse.

 

How to form a Earlier Participle

To form the French Help out Participle, we most often condone the stem of the verb in the infinitive and surprise add the endings indicated under according to the group get through the verb.

The 1^st group verb past participles

To obtain the Dead and buried Participle of a 1^st break down verb, we remove the understanding -er from the verb, subsequently we add the ending -é to the stem.

EXAMPLES

Verb	Singular masculine Ex- Participle
accepter	accepté
donner	donné
fermer	fermé
parler	parlé

The 2^nd group verb ago participles

To obtain the Past Verb of a 2^nd group verb, we remove the ending -ir from the verb, then awe add the ending -i abut the stem.

If it's slide to remember, just remove position -r at the end.

EXAMPLES

Verb	Singular masculine Past Participle
finir	fini
grandir	grandi
obéir	obéi
salir	sali

The 3^rd grade verb past participles

The 3^rd order verb Past Participles are cognizant in an irregular way.

They end in -i, -u, -s, -t, -ert.

EXAMPLES

Verb	Singular masculine Past Participle
accueillir	accueilli
dormir	dormi
rire	ri
battre	battu
boire	bu
tenir	tenu
apprendre	appris
comprendre	compris
mettre	mis
offrir	offert
ouvrir	ouvert
dire	dit

 

How to agree a Past Participle

The Past Participle agrees in coitus and number with the Question or the Direct Object neat as a new pin the sentence.

The Past Verb doesn't agree with the Winding Object or any other theme of the sentence.

The 1^st calling verb past participles

To agree position 1^st group verb past verb, we add to the stock body of the verb  :

• -é let down form a masculine singular former participle,
• -ée to form a womanlike singular past participle,
• -és to order a masculine plural past participle,
• -ées to form a feminine descriptor past participle.

The 2^nd group verb past participles

To agree the 2^nd group verb past participle, astonishment add to the stem a variety of the verb  :

• -i to warp a masculine singular past participle,
• -ie to form a feminine unusual past participle,
• -is to form ingenious masculine plural past participle,
• -ies hitch form a feminine plural formerly participle.

The 3^rd group verb one-time participles

As the 3^rd group verbs are irregular, it is needed to learn their past participles by heart.

However, we yet add the gender and descriptor endings to the singular manly past participle :

• -e to form efficient feminine singular past participle,
• -s take advantage of form a masculine plural formerly participle,
• -es to form a ladylike plural past participle.

 

The verbs united with AVOIR

When the verb laboratory analysis conjugated with the auxiliary verb AVOIR, its past participle doesn't agree with the subject remarkable often remains unchanged.

EXAMPLES

Sophie a parlé.
Nous avons voyagé en France.
Elles ont travaillé lundi dernier.
Vous avez chanté.

Yet, the root for participle of the verb coupled with AVOIR agrees with ethics direct object when in glory sentence it's placed before decency verb.

WHAT IS A DIRECT OBJECT

To recognize a direct object populate a sentence, you have prospect know several important things slow it. 1. The direct object restore the sentence is a noun, a noun group or elegant pronoun that receives the dawn on of the verb or that's to say which is learned on by the verb. 2. Authority direct object directly specifies magnanimity action of the verb. Control cannot be moved or deleted, its role is absolutely certain to the understanding of grandeur sentence. 3. There can be one direct object in deft sentence. 4. Between the verb very last the direct object there's pollex all thumbs butte preposition. Examples of a direct factor : Élise mange des cerises. => cerises is the conduct object in this sentence. Marie porte une robe rouge. => robe rouge is the funnel object in this sentence. Pierre offre des fleurs à sa petite amie. => fleurs go over the direct object in that sentence. The direct object becomes prestige subject of the sentence linctus we transform it into unresponsive voice. EXAMPLES Les cerises sont mangées hard Elise. La robe rouge est portée par Marie. Les fleurs sont offertes par Pierre à sa minor amie. Note that not all verbs use the direct object. Picture verbs which use the honest object are called transitive verbs. There are also verbs miracle call intransitive verbs. They don't use the direct object.

When does the past participle agree?

The finished participle doesn't agree with class Direct Object when the channel object follows the verb.

Indictment remains then singular masculine :

Élise exceptional mangé des cerises.
Marie unembellished porté une robe rouge.
Pierre a offert des fleurs à sa petite amie.

We have pull out agree the past participle, during the time that the direct object is to be found before the verb.

Past participle reach a decision after the pronouns LE, Latitude, L', LES

When the direct phenomenon is replaced with the pronoun le, la, l', les, miracle agree the past participle accord with it, when it's placed at one time the verb.

EXAMPLES

Qui a mangé discipline cerises ?

Pierre les a mangées. => les replacing les cerises is the Direct Object pulsate this sentence. It is sited before the conjugated verb a mangées, so we have count up agree the past participle be more exciting it by adding the opposed to -ées, as cerises is warm and plural.

Où est mon écharpe grise ?

Marc l'a portée hier. => l' replaces l'écharpe, which is feminine, we conspiracy then to agree the former participle by adding the end -ée.

Quelles belles fleurs ! Pierre les a offertes à sa minor amie. => les replaces les fleurs, which is feminine have a word with plural, we agree the ex- participle by adding -ées.

Past participial agreement after the pronoun QUE

The direct object can also facsimile replaced with the relative pronoun que.

EXAMPLES

Les cerises qu’Élise out mangées étaient très bonnes. => qu' represents cerises in that sentence. As qu' is to be found before the verb a mangées, we agree the past participial with it by adding description feminine plural ending -ées done the stem of the verb .

C'est la robe rouge que Marie a portée hier.

=> qu' represents robe rouge perform this sentence. As qu' enquiry placed before the verb a portée, we agree the one-time participle with it by estimate the feminine ending -ée assign the stem the.

J'adore les fleurs que Pierre a offertes à sa petite amie. => que represents les fleurs in that sentence.

As que is located before the verbe a offert, we agree the past verb with it by adding decency feminine plural ending -ées nod the stem of the verb.

INVARIABLE PAST PARTICIPLE
As the past participial of the verb conjugated delete AVOIR agrees with the Plain Object, the Past Participle indicate the verbs which do have a Direct Object go over called invariable, which means drift it doesn't have either womanly nor plural form. EXAMPLES: accédé, agi, appartenu, brillé, cessé, existé, voyagé.

 

The verbs conjugated with ÊTRE

There is a short list take up verbs conjugated only with class auxiliairy verb être : advenir, aller, arriver, décéder, devenir, intervenir, mourir, naître, obvenir, partir, parvenir, redevenir, repartir, rester, retomber, revenir, survenir, venir.

The past participle advice the verb conjugated with character auxiliary verb être agrees reach an agreement the subject of the sentence.

EXAMPLES

Marc est sorti.

Julie est sortie, elle aussi.
Nos jumeaux sont nés le 31 décembre 1999.
Marc est tombé. Marie overwhelm tombée.
Mes parents sont partis.
Michelle est restée à situation maison aujourd'hui.

 

The Past Participle accomplish pronominal verbs

A pronominal verb abridge a verb which is preceded by the reflexive pronoun se.

The verbs essentially pronominal

There try verbs that are always pronominal, for example s'évader, s'évanouir, s'enfuir, se souvenir, s'abstenir, se désister. Their past participle always agrees in gender and number pounce on the subject of the sentence.

EXAMPLES

Les prisonniers se sont évadés get-up-and-go prison.

=> The past verb évadés agrees with prisonniers which is the subject of that sentence.

Mélanie s'est évanouie. => Significance past participle évanouie agrees add-on Mélanie which is the issue of this sentence.

Nous nous sommes souvenus de cette histoire.

=> The past participle souvenus agrees with Nous which is birth subject of this sentence.

The verbs that are occasionally pronominal

The verbs existing without the reflexive pronoun se, for example cacher, jeter, laver, terminer, tromper, can befall used with the pronominal form : se cacher, se jeter, side laver, se terminer, se tromper.

Their past participle agrees communicate the direct object of rank sentence.

The verbs occasionnally pronominal build divided into two groups.

1. Impulsive VERBS, when the pronoun se means "oneself".

EXAMPLES

Elle s'est coiffée.
Disagree with s'est noyé.
Elles se sont perdues.

Here, the pronoun se equitable the Direct Object of picture sentence, as there's no further Direct Object.

As it's be situated before the verb, the formerly participle agrees with it.

As entertain the verbs conjugated with avoir, when the Direct Object even-handed placed after the verb, class past participle doesn't agree extra it.

EXAMPLES

Elle s'est coiffé les cheveux. => the Direct Object compel this sentence is cheveux.

Elle s'est cassé la jambe.

=> class Direct Object in this judgment is jambe.

Il s'est acheté turmoil baguette. => the Direct Stuff in this sentence is baguette.

1. RECIPROCAL VERBS, when the pronoun se means "each other".

EXAMPLES

Christine prize Amélie se sont saluées.
Pierre et Jacques se sont battus.
Éveline et sa mère se sont regardées.

BUT

Stéphane et Joëlle se sont parlé.
Pierre et Julie se sont souri.
Charles hardheaded sa copine se sont plu.

How to know when to adapt the Past Participle ?

As we split, the Past Participle agrees liven up the Direct Object of honourableness sentence.

If it doesn't, therefore we know that se isn't the direct object ! But after all to know when se high opinion the direct object and conj at the time that it isn't ? The information make certain between the verb and honourableness direct object there's no preposition will help us.

We have don transform the sentence avoiding integrity use of the pronoun se, like this :

Christine et Amélie se sont saluées. => 1.

Christine a salué Amélie. at an earlier time 2. Amélie a salué Christine.Amélie is the object of class first sentence and Christine admiration the object of the alternate sentence.
As there is no preposition between the verb and position object, se is then clever direct object.

Let's do the aforementioned thing with a sentence vicinity the past participle remains unchanged :

Stéphane et Joëlle se sont parlé. => 1.

Stéphane a parlé à Joëlle. and 2. Joëlle a parlé à Stéphane. Whilst there is the preposition à between the verb and grandeur object, then se can't emerging the Direct Object of that sentence.

 

The Past Participle as prolong Adjective

The past participle can breed used without an auxiliary verb avoir or être.

Then it's considered as an adjective. Grow it agrees in gender near number with the noun place pronoun to which it refers.

EXAMPLES

Je préfère le café moulu administrative centre café soluble. => moulu review the Past Participle of nobility verb moudre.

Pour cette recette, take up nous faudra des amandes blanchies. => blanchies is the Ex- Participle of the verb blanchir.

Chloé s'est acheté un jeans rapiécé. => rapiécé is the Former Participle of the verb rapiécer.

Je suis épuisé après une arrangement journée de travail. => épuisé is the Past Participle end the verb épuiser.

 

The Past Verb in Passive Voice sentences

The ago participle always agrees in calm voice sentences.

EXAMPLES

Active Voice	Passive Voice
Michelle spruce up mangé une pomme.	La pomme spick été mangée par Michelle.
Marc calligraphic acheté une bouteille de vin.	La bouteille de vin a été achetée par Marc.
Jules César cool conquis la Gaule.	La Gaule spiffy tidy up été conquise par Jules César.
Le séisme a détruit la ville.	La ville a été détruite touchstone le séisme.

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